Simultaneous Plasmonic Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature Based on a D-Type Fiber Sensor With Gold Wires

Abstract

This paper presents an optical fiber sensor that uses surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on metallic wires to directly and simultaneously measure both the refractive index and the temperature. The sensor is constituted by gold wires on a D-type fiber engineered, using numerical simulations based on the finite element method (FEM) to support plasmon modes with strong dependencies to either one of the measured parameters. In particular, the influence of the temperature on the structure of the plasmon modes results from contributions from the thermooptic effect in the fiber core and sensing layer, and phononelectron scattering along with electron-electron scattering in the metal wire. The performance of the sensor is evaluated in terms of its sensitivity and resolution.

Evaluation of Nanoplasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors Based on D-Type and Suspended Core Fibers with Metallic Nanowires

“…Qualitatively, the results indicate the importance of promoting the coupling of the fundamental core modes and the localized plasmon modes by increasing the overlap of their power distribution while guaranteeing the intersection of their dispersion curves. This is consistent not only with the results of previous simulations [4][5][6]20] and experimental works [21,22], but also the predictions of the mode coupling theory [19]. Table 1 shows the sensitivity and resolution of the external refractive index for the three optical fiber sensing configurations (germanium doped core D-type fiber, pure silica core D-type fiber, and suspend core fiber).…”

New Trends in the Simulation of Nanosplasmonic Optical D-Type Fiber Sensors

“…In this sub-section it is analyzed a sensing configuration composed by an engineered D-type fiber with a set of metallic nanowires, where the generated surface plasmon resonances allow to measure refractive index and temperature simultaneously [47]. Figure 10 presents the configuration of the sensor which is based on a D-type fiber with three gold nanowires mounted in the fiber cladding, around the core and one gold nanowire implanted on the flat surface.…”

Multiparameter fiber-optic sensors: a review

“…Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurs when an incident light wave excites oscillations of free electrons at the boundary between two materials, which possess opposite signs of real parts of their dielectric functions (most typical examples are metal-dielectric interfaces). Multiparameter fiber-based SPR sensors are usually built in a way to remove part of the fiber's cladding locally, or using D-fibers, 153,154 by coupling light into the cladding 155,156 as shown in Fig. 44, by fiber tapering, or using photonics crystal fibers (PCF) 157 with the goal to allow for local access to the optical field propagating along the fiber.…”