Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids and alkaloids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. using high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

A reliable method, combining qualitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and quantitative assessment by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection, has been developed to simultaneously analyze flavonoids and alkaloids in lotus leaf extracts. In the qualitative analysis, a total of 30 compounds, including 12 flavonoids, 16 alkaloids, and two proanthocyanidins, were identified. The fragmentation behaviors of four types of flavone glycoside and three types of alkaloid are summarized. The mass spectra of four representative components, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, norcoclaurine, nuciferine, and neferine, are shown to illustrate their fragmentation pathways. Five pairs of isomers were detected and three of them were distinguished by comparing the elution order with reference substances and the mass spectrometry data with reported data. In the quantitative analysis, 30 lotus leaf samples from different regions were analyzed to investigate the proportion of eight representative compounds. Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide was found to be the predominant constituent of lotus leaf extracts. For further discrimination among the samples, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis, based on the areas of the eight quantitative peaks, were carried out.

Preventive Effect of Flavonol Derivatives Abundant Sanglan Tea on Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Complications in C57BL/6 Mice

“…Five quercetin analogs shared fragment ions at m/z 303, while three kaempferol analogs shared fragment ions at m/z 284/285. These fragment ions and this fragmentation pattern of quercetin and kaempferol derivatives fit well with previous reports on flavonol derivatives in herbs that contain SLT [ 16 , 36 ]. Phytochemical and spectroscopic studies on herbs containing SLT suggested that quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were the most abundant metabolites [ 11 , 16 , 17 , 19 ].…”

Chemical fingerprint and bioactivity evaluation of Globularia orientalis L. and Globularia trichosantha Fisch. & C. A. Mey. using non‐targeted HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS approach

“…Additionally, two more flavonoids (peaks 91 and 93) were found in G. orientalis . On the one hand, the MS data and the aglycone ion corresponding to kaempferol ( m / z 285) allowed us to identify peak 91 (m/z 461) as kaempferol‐ O ‐β‐ d ‐glucuronide which has been described in other plants . On the other hand, a flavonoid with molecular formula C 28 H 36 O 15 (peak 93) was identified as hesperidin dihydrochalcone (Figure D).…”

“…9,35 In this regard, the fragmentation pattern of rossicadide A is shown in Figure 2 plants. 44 On the other hand, a flavonoid with molecular formula C 28 H 36 O 15 (peak 93) was identified as hesperidin dihydrochalcone ( Figure 2D). The last new compound identified in the samples under study was earlier described in other leaves 45 and has been tentatively characterised as 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 3,7-bis[(O-acetyl-6deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl) ( Figure 2E).…”

Improvement Effect of Lotus Leaf Flavonoids on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

“…Lotus leaves are dry leaves of the Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, which is a well known traditional Chinese medicine and has functions such as clearing away the heat and dampness, preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth, cooling the blood, and hemostasis [6,7]. Modern medical studies have revealed that the main active components of lotus leaves are flavonoids and alkaloids [8,9]. Currently, the flavonoids in lotus leaves have been reported to reduce the blood lipid level, to have anti-allergy, anti-cancer, anti-aging, bacteriostatic, and anti-oxidation functions, and to be helpful in treating cardiovascular diseases [10,11].…”