Simultaneous Quantitation of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-Nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) in Serum by GC/MS Using Deuterated Internal Standards and Its Application to a Smoking Study and Forensic Cases

Moeller, Manfred R.; Doerr, Gisela; Warth, Stefan

doi:10.1520/jfs13282j

Cited by 58 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In order objectively to confirm the inclusion criteria and to control the validity of the subjects' verbal reports, each individual underwent a complete physical examination. In addition, samples were taken from each test subject for (a) blood analysis of routine laboratory parameters, (b) extensive urine screening (using immunological routine methods) for drugs of abuse (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines, ephedrines, morphine and related opioids, methadone, cocaine, alcohol), (c) determination of blood concentrations of ∆9THC and its major metabolites, THCOH and THCCOOH, by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Moeller et al 1992) and (d) measurement of total THC metabolites in urine by fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA) (Moeller et al 1992). Moreover, subjects underwent a semistructured psychiatric interview and a psychopathometric test (Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory; short version, MMPI-S) to exclude individuals with depression or other psychopathological conditions potentially affecting test results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

et al. 1999

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Rationale and objective:The present study tested the hypothesis that chronic interference by cannabis with endogenous cannabinoid systems during peripubertal development causes specific and persistent brain alterations in humans. As an index of cannabinoid action, visual scanning, along with other attentional functions, was chosen. Visual scanning undergoes a major maturation process around age 12-15 years and, in addition, the visual system is known to react specifically and sensitively to cannabinoids. Methods: From 250 individuals consuming cannabis regularly, 99 healthy pure cannabis users were selected. They were free of any other past or present drug abuse, or history of neuropsychiatric disease. After an interview, physical examination, analysis of routine laboratory parameters, plasma / urine analyses for drugs, and MMPI testing, users and respective controls were subjected to a computer-assisted attention test battery comprising visual scanning, alertness, divided attention, flexibility, and working memory. Results: Of the potential predictors of test performance within the user group, including present age, age of onset of cannabis use, degree of acute intoxication (THC+THCOH plasma levels), and cumulative toxicity (estimated total life dose), an early age of onset turned out to be the only predictor, predicting impaired reaction times exclusively in visual scanning. Early-onset users (onset before age 16; n = 48) showed a significant impairment in reaction times in this function, whereas late-onset users (onset after age 16; n = 51) did not differ from controls (n = 49). Conclusions: These data suggest that beginning cannabis use during early adolescence may lead to enduring effects on specific attentional functions in adulthood. Apparently, vulnerable periods during brain development exist that are subject to persistent alterations by interfering exogenous cannabinoids.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

et al. 1999

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“…2 (see above) shows individual THCconcentration time profiles for six subjects, demonstrating the large inter-subject variability of the smoked route of drug administration. Moeller et al measured serum THC and THC-COOH concentrations in 24 experienced users from 40−220 min after smoking cannabis cigarettes with a THC content of 300 μg/kg [128]. Mean serum THC and THC-COOH concentrations were ca.…”

Section: Smoked Cannabis-thcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics

Huestis

2007

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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775

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“…Moeller et al first described a method for measuring serum THC and serum THC-COOH using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in 1992 [41]. The researchers recorded serial measurements of serum THC and serum THC-COOH in 24 subjects after smoking marijuana cigarettes containing 300 μg/Kg of THC.…”

Section: Drug Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Marijuana and Driving: a Review

et al. 2014

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Medical marijuana remains a highly debated treatment regimen despite removal of state penalties against care providers prescribing the drug and patients treated with the drug in many areas of the USA. The utility of marijuana in specific medical conditions has been studied at length, but its effects on driving performance and risk of motor vehicle collision remain unclear. As with other medications that affect psychomotor function, the healthcare provider should be informed of the potential risks of driver safety prior to prescribing this psychotropic drug to give appropriate anticipatory guidance for appropriate use. The goal of this narrative review is to assess the current literature regarding marijuana as it relates to driving performance and traffic safety. With a foundation in the pharmacology of cannabinoids, we consider the limitations of testing cannabinoid and metabolite concentration. In addition, we will review studies on driving performance and epidemiological studies implicating marijuana in motor vehicle collisions. The increasing prevalence of medical marijuana laws in the USA suggests that clinicians should be aware of marijuana's influence on public safety. Patients should abstain from driving for 8 h if they achieve a subjective "high" from self-treatment with smoked marijuana and should be aware of the cumulative effects of alcohol and other psychoactive xenobiotics.

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Simultaneous Quantitation of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-Nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) in Serum by GC/MS Using Deuterated Internal Standards and Its Application to a Smoking Study and Forensic Cases

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics

Medical Marijuana and Driving: a Review

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