Simultaneous recovery of copper and degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous systems by a combination of electrolytic and photolytic processes

UV induced degradation of herbicide 2,4-D: kinetics, mechanism and effect of various conditions on the degradation

“…It is quite common that light intensity has a direct effect on the percentage of degradation of the substance undergoing photodegradation [12,23]. For example in the study reported earlier it was observed that with a solution containing 50 ppm of 2,4-D, the degradation was 1% with 150 W lamp on 1 h exposure where as it was 60% with 400 W lamp with the same exposure.…”

“…For example in the study reported earlier it was observed that with a solution containing 50 ppm of 2,4-D, the degradation was 1% with 150 W lamp on 1 h exposure where as it was 60% with 400 W lamp with the same exposure. The corresponding values after 8 h are 19 and >99.9%, respectively [12]. In another study it was shown that percentage of 2,4-D degradation came down from 54 to 29% when the light intensity was changed from full intensity (100%) to ∼20% [23].…”

“…The degradation of 2,4-D has been mainly studied using chemical treatment such as H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ [5] or photochemical treatment using TiO 2 /UV/O 3 , Fe(II)/UV/O 3 [6], UV/ironmediated oxidation [7], microwave/UV [8], TiO 2 /solar irradiation [9], TiO 2 /UV [10], TiO 2 /activated carbon/UV [11], photolytic-electrolytic combination [12], etc. Ionizing radiation is also an efficient means for oxidative degradation of 2,4-D [13].…”

Simultaneous recovery of metals and degradation of organic species: Copper and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)

“…Most electrolytic, photolytic and photocatalytic treatments destroy organic compounds by reaction with hydroxyl radical ( • OH) which can be produced from different systems. The 3 efficiency of many of these methods is reduced in the presence of heavy metal ions and this is particularly true if the presence of organic species form strong complexes with the metal ions in solution [8,9].…”

“…In our previous publications we have reported that a combined photolyticelectrolytic system is required for the successful treatment of mixed wastewater streams in order to comply with the discharge consent levels [8,16,17]. In one of our publications we reported the effects of Cu(II) ion on the photodegradation of 2,4-D [8] and the main aim of this study is to investigate whether the presence of an additional chloride group has any effect on the degradation of chlorophenoxy herbicide, 2,4,5-T.…”