Simultaneous Roadside and Urban Background Measurements of Submicron Aerosol Number Concentration and Size Distribution (in the Range 20–800 nm), along with Chemical Composition in Strasbourg, France

Chatain, Mélodie; Alvarez, Raphaël; Ustache, Aurélien; Rivière, Emmanuel; Favez, Olivier; Pallares, Carlos

doi:10.3390/atmos12010071

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The higher distribution peak at the ~10 nm urban background site (PK site) also shows the influence of traffic emissions (Figure 2b), like the other two sites. Similar patterns have been observed by [51] at ~20 nm and [38] at ~17 nm for an urban background site located close to busy traffic areas. This type of high distribution indicates the contribution of freshly emitted traffic exhaust and more aged traffic [39] as the PK site is located close to the busy arterial roads of the city.…”

Section: Pnds In Different Microenvironmentssupporting

confidence: 83%

Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London

Kalaiarasan,

Kumar,

Tomson

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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We estimated the particle number distributions (PNDs), particle number concentrations (PNCs), physicochemical characteristics, meteorological effects, and respiratory deposition doses (RDD) in the human respiratory tract for three different particle modes: nucleation (N6–30), accumulation (N30–300), and coarse (N300–10,000) modes. This study was conducted in three different microenvironments (MEs) in London (indoor, IN; traffic intersection, TI; park, PK) measuring particles in the range of 6 nm–10,000 nm using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI+). Mean PNCs were 1.68 ± 1.03 × 104 #cm−3, 7.00 ± 18.96 × 104 #cm−3, and 0.76 ± 0.95 × 104 #cm−3 at IN, TI, and PK, respectively. The PNDs were high for nucleation-mode particles at the TI site, especially during peak traffic hours. Wind speeds ranging from 0 to 6 ms−1 exhibit higher PNCs for nucleation- and accumulation-mode particles at TI and PK sites. Physicochemical characterisation shows trace metals, including Fe, O, and inorganic elements, that were embedded in a matrix of organic material in some samples. Alveolar RDD was higher for the nucleation and accumulation modes than the coarse-mode particles. The chemical signatures from the physicochemical characterisation indicate the varied sources at different MEs. These findings enhance our understanding of the different particle profiles at each ME and should help devise ways of reducing personal exposure at each ME.

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Section: Pnds In Different Microenvironmentssupporting

confidence: 83%

Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London

Kalaiarasan,

Kumar,

Tomson

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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“…It is reminded here that gaseous tailpipe emissions contribute also substantially to ammonium nitrate (Section 10) and SOA (Section 12) formation in urban environments. Furthermore, road transport is a significant source of ultrafine particles (UFP) whose monitoring in French urban environment will be developed at the operational level in coming years [87]. Overall, primary particles related to road transport emissions are assessed to represent about 15% of annual mean PM10 concentrations recorded in French cities [42].…”

Section: Road Transport (Primary Emissions)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

et al. 2021

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The CARA program has been running since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks, to gain better knowledge—at a national level—on particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results in strong collaborations with international-level academic partners for state-of-the-art, straightforward, and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade, thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all throughout the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.

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“…Controlling the PM mass does not necessarily address the problem of ultrafine particles concentration in the air. A study confirmed that the sources dominating the particle number emissions are different to those dominating the mass emissions [19,20]. The particle number concentration is highly affected by road transport and the mass by aged and transported aerosol [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Overview of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Number Regulations

et al. 2021

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Vehicle emissions are a significant source of air pollution in cities. Particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant with adverse health effects. Regulations worldwide determine the PM exhaust emissions of vehicles by gravimetric quantification of the mass deposited on a filter over a test cycle. The introduction of particulate filters as vehicle exhaust gas aftertreatment devices led to low PM emissions. A particle number methodology (counting solid particles >23 nm), complementary to the PM mass measurement, was developed by the PMP (Particle Measurement Programme) group of the GRPE (Working Party on Pollution and Energy) of the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) during the first decade of the 21st century. The methodology was then introduced in the EU (European Union) regulations for light-duty (2011), heavy-duty (2013), and non-road mobile machinery (2019). In parallel, during the last 15 years, UN (United Nations) regulations and GTRs (Global Technical Regulations) including this methodology were also developed. To address the on-road emissions, the EU introduced RDE (real-driving emissions) testing with PEMS (portable emissions measurement systems) in 2017. Other countries (e.g., China, India) have also started adopting the number methodology. The PMP group recently improved the current laboratory and on-board methodologies and also extended them to a lower particle size (counting solid particles >10 nm). Due to the rapid evolution of the vehicle exhaust particle number regulations and the lack of a summary in the literature, this paper gives an overview of current and near future regulations. Emphasis is given on the technical specifications and the changes that have taken place over the years.

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Simultaneous Roadside and Urban Background Measurements of Submicron Aerosol Number Concentration and Size Distribution (in the Range 20–800 nm), along with Chemical Composition in Strasbourg, France

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London

Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London

Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

Overview of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Number Regulations

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