“…Y. lipolytica not only can be harnessed to produce large amounts of intracellular neutral lipids (Ͼ90% of dry cell weight [DCW]) (23,24), oleochemicals (25), food supplements (e.g., omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid) (26), high-value organics (e.g., citric, ␣-ketoglutaric, succinic, and pyruvic acids), and proteins (e.g., proteases and lipases) (27) but also is capable of assimilating complex substrates (e.g., organic acids, alcohols, triglycerides, and hydrocarbons) (27) as well as of thriving in a wide pH range (pH 2 to 11) (28) and in the presence of inhibitory acid-pretreated biomass hydrolysates (29) or high (Ͼ12% NaCl) salt concentrations (30) or even high (10% [vol/ vol]) concentrations of ionic liquids (31). While native Y. lipolytica has been known for decades to use only some C 6 sugars such as glucose, mannose, and fructose (32), its capability of assimilating other sugars such as xylose and cellobiose and their mixtures with glucose is poorly understood.…”