Simultaneous spatial updating in nested environments

Wang, Ranxiao Frances; Brockmole, James R.

doi:10.3758/bf03196562

Cited by 80 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Because working memory is involved in online updating, it is logical to suppose that the manipulation of set size should have affected online updating performance. Additionally, it has been argued that even an online process that is assumed to be automatic would not be expected to update an unlimited number of targets and thus would be expected to show set size effects (Wang & Brockmole, 2003b;Wang et al, in press). Second, our participants required an average of 151 ms (95% CI Ϯ 69 ms) to make their pointing estimates after rotating, indicating that additional processing time was required to make each updated response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of set size effects in spatial updating: Evidence for offline updating.

Hodgson¹,

Waller²

2006

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Four experiments required participants to keep track of the locations of (i.e., update) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 15 target objects after rotating. Across all conditions, updating was unaffected by set size. Although some traditional set size effects (i.e., a linear increase of latency with memory load) were observed under some conditions, these effects were independent of the updating process. Patterns of data and participant strategies were inconsistent with the common view of spatial updating as an online process. Instead, the authors concluded that participants formed enduring, long-term memory representations of the layouts at learning that were used to reconstruct spatial information about the layouts as needed (i.e., offline updating). These results support M. Amorim, S. Glasauer, K. Corpinot, and A. Berthoz's (1997) 2-system model of spatial updating that includes both online and offline updating.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of set size effects in spatial updating: Evidence for offline updating.

Hodgson¹,

Waller²

2006

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…Participants were asked to point egocentrically to objects, before and after disorientation as if they were sitting in the middle of a highly familiar environment: their bedroom. If one grants that pointing in this condition is at all times governed by an enduring memory (i.e., it is rather implausible that participants in our lab were continuing to track their changing spatial relationships with the objects in their bedroom -see, for example, Wang & Brockmole, 2003a, 2003b), then we would expect no effect of disorientation on variable error in this condition. We can also use performance in this condition to examine the precision of an enduring spatial representation when it is likely to be as accurate and precise as possible.…”

Section: Variable Errormentioning

confidence: 94%

Transient and enduring spatial representations under disorientation and self-rotation.

Waller¹,

Hodgson²

2006

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

161

244

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Current theories of environmental cognition typically differentiate between an online, transient, and dynamic system of spatial representation and an offline and enduring system of memory representation. Here we present additional evidence for such two-system theories in the context of the disorientation paradigm introduced by Wang and Spelke (2000). Several experiments replicate the finding that disorientation results in a decrease in the precision of people's estimates of relative directions. In contrast to the typical interpretation of this effect as indicating the primacy of a transient spatial system, our results are generally more consistent with an interpretation of it as indicating a switch from a relatively precise online representation to a relatively coarse enduring one. Further experiments examine the relative precision of transient and enduring representations, and show that switching between them does not require disorientation, but can also be produced by self-rotations as small as 135°. KeywordsSpatial representation; spatial memory; egocentric updating; spatial updating; cognitive maps Transient and enduring spatial representations under disorientation and selfrotationKnowing the locations of objects in one's environment is a fundamental competence that is critical for survival. Because of this, understanding how humans (and other animals) interpret, monitor, and internally represent spatial information about their environment has been one of the major driving issues in the contemporary study of spatial cognition. In the past 15 years, several investigators have proposed theories of environmental behavior that posit a two-system or two-process account of spatial cognition (Amorim, Glasauer, Corpinot, & Berthoz, 1997;Arbib, 1999;Creem & Proffitt, 1998;Easton & Sholl, 1995;Gallistel, 1990;Hartley & Burgess, 2005;Huttenlocher, Hedges, & Duncan, 1991;McNamara, 2003;Mou, McNamara, Valiquette, & Rump, 2004;Wang, 2000;Wang & Spelke, 2000). Although these accounts differ in many of their details, in general, they all contrast an online transient system that is chiefly supported by perceptual processes and that codes spatial information with relatively high precision, with an offline enduring system that is supported primarily by long-term memory and whose codes are relatively coarse and/or biased

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“…In another study, Wang and Brockmole (2003b) also had participants learn several laboratory object locations and then point to them or to various other locations on the campus while blindfolded. During learning, participants were asked, depending on condition, to physically rotate on a swivel chair to face either a laboratory object or a campus location.…”

Section: Integration Of Spatial Information Across Vision and Languagementioning

confidence: 99%