Sindbis virus infection of two model insect cell systems—A comparative study

Mudiganti, Usharani; Hernandez, Raquel; Ferreira, Davis Fernandes; Brown, Dennis T.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.007

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In both mosquitoes and mosquito cells, SINV initiates a persistent infection. Persistently infected mosquito cells are morphologically indistinct from uninfected cells but display a 30% reduction in growth rate compared to uninfected cells [36,37]. SINV is able to persistently infect other types of insect cells such as Drosophila cells, as well as mosquito cells [37].…”

Section: Infection Of Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathogenesis of Alphaviruses

Atkins

2013

ISRN Virology

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Alphaviruses are enveloped single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses of the family Togaviridae. e genus alphavirus contains nine viruses, which are of medical, theoretical, or economic importance, and which will be considered. Sindbis virus (SINV) and Semliki Forest (SFV), although of some medical importance, have largely been studied as models of viral pathogenicity. In mice, SINV and SFV infect neurons in the central nervous system and virulent strains induce lethal encephalitis, whereas avirulent strains of SFV induce demyelination. SFV infects the developing foetus and can be teratogenic. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus, and Western Equine Encephalitis virus can induce encephalitis in horses and humans. ey are prevalent in the Americas and are mosquito transmitted. Ross River virus, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) are prevalent in Australasia, Africa and Asia, and Africa, respectively. ONNV virus is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, while the other alphaviruses are transmitted by culicine mosquitoes. CHIKV has undergone adaptation to a new mosquito host which has increased its host range beyond Africa. Salmonid alphavirus is of economic importance in the farmed salmon and trout industry. It is postulated that future advances in research on alphavirus pathogenicity will come in the �eld of innate immunity.

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Section: Infection Of Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathogenesis of Alphaviruses

Atkins

2013

ISRN Virology

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“…Cell lines play key roles in the study of virus-cell interactions (Gundersen-Rindal and Dougherty 2000;Mudiganti et al 2006;Schütz and Sarnow 2006;Lennan et al 2007) and in the production of recombinant proteins/vaccines (Condreay and Kost 2007). Furthermore, health-related products are generated by insect cell lines using vectors developed from insect viruses, notably baculoviruses (with the major genus being the nucleopolyhedrosis viruses [NPVs]; Condreay and Kost 2007).…”

Section: Insect Cell Lines Are Tools In Virologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect cell culture and applications to research and pest management

Smagghe

Goodman

Stanley

2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

104

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Building on earlier research, insect cell culture began with the successful establishment of one cell line from pupal ovarian tissue. The field has grown to the extent that now over 500 insect cell lines have been established from many insect species representing numerous insect orders and from several different tissue sources. These cell lines are used as research tools in virology, in studies of signaling mechanisms to study insect immunity, hemocyte migration, and to test hypotheses about gene expression, and in screening programs designed to discover new insecticide chemistries. Virology research is revealing fundamentally new information on virus/host cell interactions. Studies in gene expression are uncovering signal transduction pathways that are new to insect science. Research is leading to the development of high-speed screening technologies that are essential in the search for new insect pest management tools. A few insect cell lines are, in routine industrial processes, designed to produce proteins of biomedical significance. Both primary cell cultures and established lines are used in basic biological studies to reveal how insect cells work. This review is designed to briefly cover the history of insect cell culture, recount some recent advances in the field, and offer a vision of the future of insect cell culture.

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“…In mammalian cells, the glycoproteins are trafficked to the plasma membrane to unite with preformed nucleocapsids (5,12). The maturational pathway used by this virus in insect cells is also via the exocytic pathway; however, in these cells, the virus particles assemble within cytoplasmic vesicles which release virus directly into the extracellular medium (4,38). It has been assumed that while the assembly pathway of Sindbis virus differs in certain details during the infection process in these divergent hosts, the molecular details of assembly result in functionally equivalent virus structures (49).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Incorporation of Cholesterol by Sindbis Virus Grown in Mammalian or Insect Cells

Hafer

Whittlesey

Brown

et al. 2009

J Virol

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Cholesterol has been shown to be essential for the fusion of alphaviruses with artificial membranes (liposomes). Cholesterol has also been implicated as playing an essential and critical role in the processes of entry and egress of alphaviruses in living cells. Paradoxically, insects, the alternate host for alphaviruses, are cholesterol auxotrophs and contain very low levels of this sterol. To further evaluate the role of cholesterol in the life cycle of alphaviruses, the cholesterol levels of the alphavirus Sindbis produced from three different mosquito (Aedes albopictus) cell lines; one other insect cell line, Sf21 from Spodoptera frugiperda; and BHK (mammalian) cells were measured. Sindbis virus was grown in insect cells under normal culture conditions and in cells depleted of cholesterol by growth in serum delipidated by using Cab-O-sil, medium treated with methyl-␤-cyclodextrin, or serum-free medium. The levels of cholesterol incorporated into the membranes of the cells and into the virus produced from these cells were determined. Virus produced from these treated and untreated cells was compared to virus grown in BHK cells under standard conditions. The ability of insect cells to produce Sindbis virus after delipidation was found to be highly cell specific and not dependent on the level of cholesterol in the cell membrane. A very low level of cholesterol was required for the generation of wild-type levels of infectious Sindbis virus from delipidated cells. The data show that one role of the virus membrane is structural, providing the stability required for infectivity that may not be provided by the delipidated membranes in some cells. These data show that the amount of cholesterol in the host cell membrane in and of itself has no effect on the process of virus assembly or on the ability of virus to infect cells. Rather, these data suggest that the cholesterol dependence reported for infectivity and assembly of Sindbis virus is a reflection of differences in the insect cell lines used and the methods of delipidation.Sindbis virus, the prototypic Alphavirus, assembles highly symmetrical particles with an associated membrane of host cell origin. The infectious particle is composed of two nested icosahedral shells of Tϭ4 geometry with an intervening membrane bilayer (41). The three structural proteins which comprise the particle, E1, E2, and capsid, are found in a 1:1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The outer shell, composed of glycoproteins E1 and E2, and the nucleocapsid are associated with the outer protein shell through specific interactions of the E2 endodomain with the capsid protein (28)(29)(30)53). Both E1 and E2 are anchored into the membrane bilayer by transmembrane domains (44). During maturation of the virus, the glycoproteins E1 and E2 are processed and oligomerize into trimers of heterodimers and are delivered to the cell surface by the cellular exocytic pathway (6, 39). In mammalian cells, the glycoproteins are trafficked to the plasma membrane to unite with preformed nucleocapsids (5, 12). The maturat...

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Sindbis virus infection of two model insect cell systems—A comparative study

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

The Pathogenesis of Alphaviruses

The Pathogenesis of Alphaviruses

Insect cell culture and applications to research and pest management

Differential Incorporation of Cholesterol by Sindbis Virus Grown in Mammalian or Insect Cells

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