Singapore as a Global Hub Port and International Maritime Centre

Tan, Andrew T. H.

doi:10.1142/9789814663380_0039

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The aquarium or ornamental pet trade has been suspected to be the main pathway for freshwater alien species introductions into Singapore [ 45 , 87 ]. The results of the present survey indicate that nearly half of known introduced and species of unknown origin in Singapore are in the trade [ 47 , 48 , 72 , 73 , 88 ]. More importantly, the study found evidence for the indirect introduction of species via other ornamental taxa [ 89 , 90 ]—more than half of the species recorded as hitchikers in the trade are established in Singapore.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 14 species with a history of introduction elsewhere, 12 were purportedly introduced via the ornamental pet trade ( Table 3 ). The two species with no prior records of introduction through the trade, Sinanodonta woodiana and Sinotaia guangdungensis , were likely co-introduced with fish [ 47 , 73 , 91 , 92 ]. The ornamental species with recorded or potential impacts include some of the world’s most notorious invasive species— Corbicula fluminea and Pomacea canaliculata (likely Pomacea maculata too) [ 93 , 94 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Voucher specimens are deposited in the Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum at the National University of Singapore (ZRC.MOL.5904–5952, 6284–6333, 6752–6754; see Results ). At least two individuals per lot (except for hitchhikers, in which case there were mostly one individual per lot) were examined, and identified based on descriptions and figures in [ 47 , 48 , 50 – 75 ], and checked against original descriptions of the taxa. The distribution, introduction history, and associated parasites of all species were recorded based on available literature (see Results ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Snails are regularly intercepted by border control worldwide, including in shipments originating from Singapore [ 19 , 43 , 44 ]. Although the ornamental pet trade has been suspected to be the main source of the many non-native freshwater molluscs established in Singapore [ 45 – 48 ], the link remains speculative [ 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molluscs for Sale: Assessment of Freshwater Gastropods and Bivalves in the Ornamental Pet Trade

Tan

Wong

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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The ornamental pet trade is often considered a key culprit for conservation problems such as the introduction of invasive species (including infectious diseases) and overharvesting of rare species. Here, we present the first assessment of the biodiversity of freshwater molluscs in the ornamental pet trade in Singapore, one of the most important global hubs of the ornamental aquarium trade, and discuss associated conservation concerns. We recorded freshwater molluscs from ornamental pet shops and major exporters including non-ornamental species (e.g., hitchhikers, molluscs sold as fish feed). We recorded an unexpectedly high diversity—59 species—of freshwater bivalves and gastropods, with the majority (38 species or 64%) being from the Oriental region. In addition to morphological examination, we sequenced the DNA barcode region of mitochondrial CO1 and 16S genes to provide molecular data for the confirmation of the identification and for future re-identification. DNA barcodes were obtained for 50 species, and all but four were separated by > 3% uncorrected pairwise distances. The trade has been considered a main introduction pathway for non-native species to Singapore, and we found that out of 15 species in the trade as well as in the wild in Singapore, 12 are either introduced or of unknown origin, representing almost half of the known non-native freshwater molluscs in Singapore. Particularly prevalent are non-ornamental species: six hitchhikers on aquarium plants and six species sold as fish feed. We found that a quarter of the trade species have a history of introduction, which includes 11 known or potentially invasive species. We conclude that potential overharvesting is difficult to assess because only half of the trade species have been treated by IUCN. Of these, 21 species are of Least Concern and three are Data Deficient. Our checklist, with accompanying DNA barcodes, images, and museum vouchers, provides an important reference library for future monitoring, and constitutes a step toward creating a more sustainable ornamental pet trade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molluscs for Sale: Assessment of Freshwater Gastropods and Bivalves in the Ornamental Pet Trade

Tan

Wong

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…It has been a continuously important node in the global maritime trade networks from the sailing vessels of the third century to the twenty-first century petroleum-based container shipping industry (Malay Heritage Centre 2013;Tan 2016). Freshwater provision for inhabitants and circulating traders has always been a precondition for economic survival.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rivers of the Anthropocene

Kelly

Scarpino

Berry

et al. 2017

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Not in the Least Concern: anthropogenic influences on a South-east Asian apple snail Pila scutata (Ampullariidae)

Tan

Ahmad

et al. 2018

Oryx

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South-east Asian apple snails, Pila spp., have been declining since the introduction of globally invasive, confamilial South American Pomacea spp., yet Pila ecology remains poorly studied, with most occurrence records unconfirmed. Pila scutata, a previously widespread species, presumed native to the Malay peninsula and assessed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List, was formerly harvested for food, and may have experienced anthropogenic translocations. We surveyed the Malay peninsula (specifically Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) to investigate the current distribution and genetic diversity of P. scutata. Six populations were found in Singapore, but only one in Peninsular Malaysia. Mitochondrial COI and 16S sequencing revealed that the Malaysian population shared a single haplotype of both genes with the Singapore populations (500 km distant). This low genetic diversity could stem from a recent anthropogenic introduction, which brings into question the true native range of P. scutata and, coupled with poorly resolved taxonomy of the genus, necessitates a reassessment of its IUCN Red List status. Introduced populations pose a dilemma, and the lack of genetic diversity is of concern in light of Pila decline throughout South-east Asia. Our results highlight that conservation management of P. scutata and its congeners must therefore be better informed by greater taxonomic resolution and more comprehensive investigations of their ecology, both in native and introduced ranges.

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Singapore as a Global Hub Port and International Maritime Centre

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Molluscs for Sale: Assessment of Freshwater Gastropods and Bivalves in the Ornamental Pet Trade

Molluscs for Sale: Assessment of Freshwater Gastropods and Bivalves in the Ornamental Pet Trade

Rivers of the Anthropocene

Not in the Least Concern: anthropogenic influences on a South-east Asian apple snail Pila scutata (Ampullariidae)

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