Single‐Atom Sn on Tensile‐Strained ZnO Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Conversion of CO₂ into Formate

Abstract

a promising and sustainable approach to tackle the challenges of the ever-increasing depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation. [1] The products of CO 2 electroreduction are diverse and include CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , CO, HCOOH, C 2 H 5 OH, and so on. Among them, formic acid has been known as a crucial industrial intermediate and ideal candidate for hydrogen storage and fuel cells, owning the highest net present value evaluated from a technoeconomic prospect. [2] Among the various potential catalysts, main group metal elements, including Sn, In, Sb, and Bi, exhibit notable selectivity and activity for electrocatalytic CO 2 -to-formate conversion. In particular, tin and its oxides attract much more attention as Formate catalysts because of their less toxic and environmentally benign properties. [3] Substantial research efforts have been devoted toward improving the performance of the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) by nanostructuring Sn and its derivatives. For example, nanostructured Sn-based catalysts, such as tin

Atomically Dispersed Zincophilic Sites in N,P-Codoped Carbon Macroporous Fibers Enable Efficient Zn Metal Anodes

“…Related characterizations verify the compositions and isolated atomic feature of Sn without nanoparticles, and XPS spectrum suggests the oxidation state of Sn is +4 (Figures S32 and S33). Encouragingly, the symmetric cell based on Sn/Zn-N/P-CMFs-Zn also presents impressive cycling stability (Figure S34), confirming the effectiveness of the 3D hollow configurations, abundant zincophilic species, and atomically distributed metal sites.…”

Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts

“…The ion radius difference between the substrate and the metal dopant would also induce lattice distortion. 19,20 It affects the d-band center of the catalyst and can optimize the binding energy of reaction intermediates (e.g., *CO, * represents the adsorption site), leading to the change of product selectivity. However, the doping metal may also influence the activity of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).…”

“…The atomic sites are usually anchored by lattice oxygen atoms, which can keep stable at negative potentials, and thus, the stability of Cu + species is evidently improved. − Consequently, it allows Cu-based catalysts to be made with greater CO 2 RR activity and stability through the geometric and electronic effects. The ion radius difference between the substrate and the metal dopant would also induce lattice distortion. , It affects the d-band center of the catalyst and can optimize the binding energy of reaction intermediates ( e.g. , *CO, * represents the adsorption site), leading to the change of product selectivity.…”

Electrochemical conversion of CO2into HCOO−in a synergistic manner by a nanocomposite of Zn2SnO4/ZnO

“…32 Two smaller peaks at 492.5 eV and 484.0 eV were ascribed to the small amount of metallic Sn. 33 When forming a composite with ZnO, both of these two peaks of Sn 3d 3/2 and Sn 3d 5/2 of Sn 4+ showed a slight shift towards high binding energies and were located at 494.7 and 486.1 eV, respectively, thereby indicating electron depletion around Sn atoms. 32 In the high-resolution O 1 s spectrum of Zn 2 SnO 4 , two peaks centered at 529.3 eV and 530.5 eV were attributed to the coordination of O in Sn–O–Sn and Sn–O–Zn, respectively (Fig.…”