“…Due to the periodic nature of PCs, they exhibit PBGs in all directions, acting as ideal mirrors for incident light waves. This property holds potential applications in different fileds suchas lasers [2], filters [3,4], optical waveguides [5][6][7][8][9], optical fibers [10][11][12], all-optical logic gates [12][13][14][15][16], biosensors [17][18][19], splitters [20,21], imaging [22] and all-optical analog to digital converters [23,24]. Also, PCs photonic crystals have found a highly practical application in the field of all-optical logic gates, garnering substantial attention because of their versatility in various all-optical signal processing applications.…”