Single breathhold cardiac CINE imaging with multi‐echo three‐dimensional hybrid radial SSFP acquisition

Abstract

Purpose: To achieve single breathhold whole heart cardiac CINE imaging with improved spatial resolution and temporal resolution by using a multi-echo three-dimensional (3D) hybrid radial SSFP acquisition. Materials and Methods:Multi-echo 3D hybrid radial SSFP acquisitions were used to acquire cardiac CINE imaging within a single breathhold. An optimized interleaving scheme was developed for view ordering throughout the cardiac cycle.Results: Whole heart short axis views were acquired with a spatial resolution of 1.3 Â 1.3 Â 8.0 mm 3 and temporal resolution of 45 ms, within a single 17 s breathhold. The technique was validated on eight healthy volunteers by measuring the left ventricular volume throughout the cardiac cycle and comparing with the conventional 2D multiple breathhold technique. The left ventricle functional measurement bias of our proposed 3D technique from the conventional 2D technique: end diastolic volume À3.3 mL 6 13.7 mL, end systolic volume 1.4 mL 6 6.1 mL, and ejection fraction À1.7% 6 4.3%, with high correlations 0.94, 0.97, and 0.91, accordingly. Conclusion:A multi-echo 3D hybrid radial SSFP acquisition was developed to allow for a whole heart cardiac CINE exam in a single breathhold. Cardiac function measurements in volunteers compared favorably with the standard multiple breathhold exams.

Quantification of left ventricular functional parameter values using 3D spiral bSSFP and through-time Non-Cartesian GRAPPA

“…Reformatting the one case with an ESV difference outlier (Figure 6 arrows) identified misregistration in the basal slices for 2D multi-breathhold imaging (Figure 7a,b, arrow; Additional file 7) with respect to single-breathhold 3D spiral imaging (Figure 7b,d; Additional file 8). Variable diaphragm position, which affected repeatability studies [4] and has been demonstrated for other 3D cardiac cine imaging strategies [15,16], may have contributed to the discrepancy in ESV between imaging methods. The LV ejection fraction in this sample of healthy volunteers was 62.9 ± 6.0% and 63.0 ± 5.7% (mean ± SD) for 3D spiral and 2D imaging, respectively.…”

“…For instance, a five-fold undersampled ECG-gated 3D radial stack of stars trajectory with zero-filling reconstruction and UNFOLD temporal filtering was used to generate 3D cine images from dynamic data with a temporal footprint of 71 ms with a breathhold of 24 RR intervals [15]. Other investigators introduced a 3D multi-echo radial trajectory [16], which obviated the need for angular undersampling and temporal filtering, where data were acquired at 1.3 × 1.3 × 8 mm 3 spatial resolution and 45 ms temporal resolution in a single breathhold of 17 s. This method segmented the projection angle direction across ECG triggers, where the long TR (i.e. 4.5 ms) required both partial Fourier acceleration and a limited partition encoding matrix size to keep the temporal footprint of each cardiac phase under 50 ms.…”

Non-invasive assessment of cardiac function and pulmonary vascular resistance in an canine model of acute thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension using 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance

“…Data were retrospectively sorted into 20 time frames according to their position in the cardiac cycle. Subsequently, image reconstruction was performed utilizing a compressed sensing reconstruction and a temporal filter for view sharing [16]. To minimize the number of slices needing manual segmentation for measuring ventricular volumes, three contiguous slices were averaged.…”

Four-dimensional phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography: Potential clinical applications

“…This approach reduces scan time while maintaining excellent spatial resolution. Similarly, steady state free precession SOS imaging is currently used for cardiac exams10-11. Furthermore, radial imaging can also be performed as a 3D volume (vastly undersampled isotropic voxel radial projection imaging – VIPR) producing a spherical acquisition with the highly desirable feature of encompassing a large volume, and in a neurovascular context, whole brain coverage12-13.…”