Single Chain Antibodies Against gp55 of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) for Prophylaxis and Treatment of HCMV Infections

Moazen, Bahareh; Ebrahimi, Elahe; Nejatollahi, Foroogh

doi:10.5812/jjm.16241

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The importance of viral clearance has led to the development of strategies, including passive immunization and cytokine therapy (34)(35)(36)(37). In persistent viral infections, such as HBV infection, cytokine therapy is suggested as a useful immunotherapy (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Interferon-γ in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

2018

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Background: The imbalance of T-helper (Th) lymphocyte cytokine production plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Th1 cytokines are necessary for host antiviral immune response, while Th2 cytokines have an immunomodulatory role. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the serum profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with chronic HBV infection and to assess the correlation between the levels of the cytokines and ALT level in the patients. Methods: Sixty patients with chronic hepatitis B and 60 age and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of Th1 cytokine, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum ALT level was measured by the Colorimetry method. Results: The results showed that the level of IL-4 was significantly lower in patients in comparison with the controls (P < 0.05). However, the level of IL-10 was not significantly different in patients and healthy individuals (P > 0.05). The concentration of IFN-γ was significantly higher in patients compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ and nor was it found between the levels of these cytokines and serum ALT level. Conclusions: The results revealed enhanced Th1 response and reduced Th2 response, which is favored for the formation of a strong immune response and leads to viral elimination. The decrease of IL-4 indicated a lower viral load in the patients. In addition, a non-active disease resulted from the patients' IL10 level showing no significant difference between the patients and the controls. Significant increase of IFN-γ in patients indicated the activation of Th1 cells. The immunological outcome can help in finding better treatment strategies. The results suggest that interferon therapy with low dose can be a helpful strategy. Although the decrease in ALT level was not significantly correlated with an increase in IFN-γ in the patients, the increase of IFN-γ level demonstrated a modulation in hepatocellular damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Interferon-γ in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

2018

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“…For all the clones, the 950 bp band (VH-linker-VL) was obtained ( Figure 5). Two Prevailing fingerprinting patterns were detected, ie, Pattern 1 (Lanes 1, 4,6,7,8,10,11,13,15,17,20), scFv1 with frequency of 55% and pattern 2 (lanes 2, 3, 5, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19), scFv2 with frequency of 45%. One clone from each pattern was selected to use in further investigations.…”

Section: Pcr and Dna Fingerprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained antibody, named scFv, can be selected against a proper epitope and the mono-specific scFvs can be isolated (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). They can be a good alternative to the common therapeutic drugs in human disease therapy because of their unique properties like human origin, high connection and better tissue penetration, low molecular weight, and high physical and chemical stability (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Single Chain Antibodies Against A Neuronal Growth Inhibitor Receptor, Nogo Receptor 1: Promising New Antibodies for the Immunotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis

Ehsaei¹,

Nejatollahi²,

Mohammadi³

2017

Shiraz E-Med J

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Background: The Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1) is a myelin inhibitory neuronal receptor in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and is a crucial key to axonal growth inhibition. The NgR1 inhibition role has been proved by monoclonal antibodies in many researches. Human single chain antibodies are composed of VH-linker-VL. They are tiny but powerful antibodies which have remarkable effects on treatments. Objectives: Producing specific single-chain antibodies of human against immune-dominant epitope of NgR1 and the evaluation of their reactivity against the epitope is the main goal of this study. Methods: An immunodominant epitope of NgR1 was designed using bioinformatics methods. The peptide was applied to select specific single chain antibodies using a phage antibody display library of scFv (single chain Fragment variable) and panning process. The selected clones were PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplified and DNA fingerprinted, to reveal the common patterns. Phage ELISA was performed to evaluate the reactivity of the selected scFvs. Results: Two specific clones with the frequencies of 55% and 45% were detached. Positive ELISA were detected with the corresponding epitope for clones, but for negative controls no positive reaction took place. The corresponding peptide-coated wells for scFv 1 and scFv 2 absorbed 0.81 and 0.62, respectively, which were significantly higher than the absorbance of the wells without any peptide, ie, 0.10 and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions: Using monoclonal antibody in the case of targeted therapy against NgR1 prevents Nogo-A, myelin associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte from binding to Ngr1 and disturbs demyelination. Results demonstrated the selection of two specific scFvs against NgR1 which reacted with the antigen significantly. These specific, small human antibodies can be considered as blockings for Multiple Sclerosis to interfere with the axonal growth inhibition in NgR1-expressing neurons. Further studies should be conducted to find the effects of these antibodies in vitro and in vivo.

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“…Single chain antibodies, which are composed of VH-Linker-VL, are small antigen binding units with unique properties, including human origin, not eliciting HAMA reaction (human anti-mouse antibody response), high specificity, affinity properties, deep penetration in solid tissues, easy manipulation, and economic cost production in prokaryotes (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Recent studies have shown the important role of these antibodies in cancer immunotherapy (20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Proliferative Effects of Human Anti-FZD7 Single Chain Antibodies on Colorectal Cancer Cells

et al. 2017

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Single Chain Antibodies Against gp55 of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) for Prophylaxis and Treatment of HCMV Infections

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Serum Levels of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Interferon-γ in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Serum Levels of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Interferon-γ in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Specific Single Chain Antibodies Against A Neuronal Growth Inhibitor Receptor, Nogo Receptor 1: Promising New Antibodies for the Immunotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis

Anti-Proliferative Effects of Human Anti-FZD7 Single Chain Antibodies on Colorectal Cancer Cells

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