Single Crystal Formamidinium Lead Iodide (FAPbI₃): Insight into the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties

Abstract

5 mm-scale large FAPbI 3 single crystals and corresponding photoconductive properties are shown. The phase transition of FAPbI3 between the α-phase and δ-phase is studied. The carrier mobility is 4.4 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with a lifetime of 484 ns in the bulk of the single crystal. Finally, photodetectors based on single-crystal FAPbI3 are demonstrated.

Progress in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite single crystal: growth techniques and applications

“…In this method, crystallization is induced by the inverse solubility dependent on temperature in some organic solvents and the overall growth occurs within several hours, which is much faster than that in STL method. Therefore, ITC method has been widely used to grow large-size organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite single crystals [52][53][54][55].…”

“…2e). Yang's [55] group also reported a modified ITC method to grow 5 mm sized FAPbI3 single crystal. They used a cooling solution method to first grow the FAPbI3 seed crystal, followed by placing the seed crystals in an inverse temperature crystallization precursor to obtain larger crystals.…”

Hybrid Perovskites: Effective Crystal Growth for Optoelectronic Applications

“…[132] Increasing interest for FAPbI3 perovskite as an alternative to conventional MAPbI3 perovskite is attribute to the lower optical band-gap (1.43 -1.48 eV) and better thermal stability. [7,154,155] However, the control of phase remains a key issue due to the polymorphic nature of FAPbI3 at ambient; α-FAPbI3 is trigonal perovskite with the band-gap of 1.5 eV and δ-FAPbI3 is non-perovskite phase with the band-gap of 2.48 eV. [37,154,[156][157][158] The report by and solar cells performance.…”

“…Recently, pseudohalide receives particular attentions due to its moisture resistance and radiative recombination efficiency. [153][154][155] In this attempt, Pb(SCN)2 is added to the pre-mixed MAPbI3 precursor, which results in a wide range control of perovskite grain size from nanoscale to microscale (up to 5 μm) along with the additive concentration (Figures 7d, e and f). Considering the nucleation and growth process, Pb(SCN)2 raises the Gibbs free energy for nucleus formation at room temperature, therefore, a lower density of stable nuclei is generated within Pb(SCN)2 compared to pristine during perovskite crystallization is investigated by W. Ke et al [163] Interestingly, the reaction between CH3NH3 + and SCN -produces gaseous HSCN and CH3NH2 during the crystallization.…”

Metal Halide Perovskite Single Crystals: From Growth Process to Application

“…The ITC method is a highly effective approach for growing metal hybrid halide perovskite crystals that possesses a much faster growth rate than that of the typical STL method and has been used extensively to grow single or mixed halide perovskite crystalline materials [67,[70][71][72][73][74]. Additionally, the ITC method meets the requirements of FAPbX 3 single crystals.…”