Single Exposure to near Roadway Particulate Matter Leads to Confined Inflammatory and Defense Responses: Possible Role of Metals

Pardo, Michal; Shafer, Martin M.; Rudich, Assaf; Schauer, James J.; Rudich, Yinon

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01449

Cited by 103 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…Although previous epidemiological and ambient studies have found correlations between metals and various measures of health effects (Verma et al, 2010;Pardo et al, 2015;Burnett et al, 2001;Huang et al, 2003;Akhtar et al, 2010;Charrier and Anastasio, 2012), the measured levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and ROS/RNS obtained in this study demonstrate that organic aerosols alone can induce a cellular response. This was previously observed for the oxidative potential as measured by DTT activity as well, where the same laboratory-generated organic aerosol samples catalyzed redox reactions and resulted in measurable DTT decay in the absence of metal species (Tuet et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Inflammatory responses to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Cardiopulmonary health implications resulting from exposure to secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which comprise a significant fraction of ambient particulate matter (PM), have received increasing interest in recent years. In this study, alveolar macrophages were exposed to SOA generated from the photooxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursors (isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, pentadecane, m-xylene, and naphthalene) under different formation conditions (RO 2 + HO 2 vs. RO 2 + NO dominant, dry vs. humid). Various cellular responses were measured, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production and secreted levels of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). SOA precursor identity and formation condition affected all measured responses in a hydrocarbon-specific manner. With the exception of naphthalene SOA, cellular responses followed a trend where TNF-α levels reached a plateau with increasing IL-6 levels. ROS/RNS levels were consistent with relative levels of TNF-α and IL-6, due to their respective inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Exposure to naphthalene SOA, whose aromatic-ring-containing products may trigger different cellular pathways, induced higher levels of TNF-α and ROS/RNS than suggested by the trend. Distinct cellular response patterns were identified for hydrocarbons whose photooxidation products shared similar chemical functionalities and structures, which suggests that the chemical structure (carbon chain length and functionalities) of photooxidation products may be important for determining cellular effects. A positive nonlinear correlation was also detected between ROS/RNS levels and previously measured DTT (dithiothreitol) activities for SOA samples. In the context of ambient samples collected during summer and winter in the greater Atlanta area, all laboratory-generated SOA produced similar or higher levels of ROS/RNS and DTT activities. These results suggest that the health effects of SOA are important considerations for understanding the health implications of ambient aerosols.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Inflammatory responses to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors

et al. 2017

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“…gov/urban-air-toxics/urban-air-toxic-pollutants; last access: 1 August 2018). Depending on the aerosol composition, extent and time of exposure, previous studies have confirmed that most elemental components of fine particles (PM 2.5 ; particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 µm) exert a multitude of significant diseases from pulmonary inflammation, to increased heart rate variability, to decreased immune response (Fergusson, 1990;Morman and Plumlee, 2013;Leung et al, 2008;Hu et al, 2012;Pardo et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Atmospheric trace elements, especially metal species, are an emerging environmental and health concern with insufficient understanding of their levels and sources in Shanghai, the most important industrial megacity in China.Here we continuously performed a 1 year (from March 2016 to February 2017) and hourly resolved measurement of 18 elements in fine particles (PM 2.5 ) at the Shanghai urban center with an Xact multi-metals monitor and several collocated instruments. Mass concentrations (mean ± 1σ ; ng m −3 ) determined by Xact ranged from detection limits (nominally 0.1 to 20 ng m −3 ) to 15 µg m −3 . Element-related oxidized species comprised an appreciable fraction of PM 2.5 during all seasons, accounting for 8.3 % on average. As a comparison, the atmospheric elements concentration level in Shanghai was comparable with that in other industrialized cities in East Asia but 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than at sites in North America and Europe. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify and apportion the sources of the elements in the PM 2.5 mass. Five different factors were resolved (notable elements and relative contribution in parentheses): traffic-related (Ca, Fe, Ba, Si; 46 %), shipping (V, Ni; 6 %), nonferrous metal smelting (Ag, Cd, Au; 15 %), coal combustion (As, Se, Hg, Pb; 18 %) and ferrous metal smelting (Cr, Mn, Zn; 15 %). The contribution from the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions, i.e., the traffic-related factor shows a strong bimodal diurnal profile with average concentration over 2 times higher during the rush hour than during nighttime. The shipping factor was firmly identified because V and Ni, two recognized tracers of shipping emissions, are almost exclusively transported from the East China Sea and their ratio (around 3.2) falls within the variation range of V / Ni ratios in particles emitted from heavy oil combustion. Interestingly, nearly half of the K was derived from coal combustion with high mineral affinity (elements associated with aluminosilicates, carbonates and other minerals in coal ash). The contributions of nonferrous metal smelting to the trace elements are consistent with a newly developed emission inventory. Although the precipitation scavenging effect on the mass concentration of the trace elements varied among different species and sources, precipiPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11794Y. Chang et al.: First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements tation could effectively lower the concentration of the trafficand coal combustion-related trace elements. Therefore, water spray to simulate natural types of precipitation could be one of the abatement strategies to facilitate the reduction of ambient PM 2.5 trace elements in the urban atmosphere. Collectively, our findings in this study provide baseline levels and sources of trace elements with high detail, which are needed for developing effective control strategies to reduce the high risk of acute exposure to atmospheri...

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“…Some reports have examined that the two exposure ways might easily damage the organisms (Pardo et al, 2015;Tsuji et al, 2015). Fig.…”

Section: Bde209 Accumulation In E Fetida After a Step And Repeated Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2016

Chemosphere

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Single Exposure to near Roadway Particulate Matter Leads to Confined Inflammatory and Defense Responses: Possible Role of Metals

Cited by 103 publications

References 50 publications

Inflammatory responses to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors

Inflammatory responses to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

Diverse impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms

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