Single-Input Single-Output Digital Predistortion of Multi-user RF Beamforming Arrays

Ng, Eric; Ayed, Ahmed Ben; Mitran, Patrick; Boumaiza, Slim

doi:10.1109/mwsym.2019.8700932

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The ideal predistorter is designed based on the procedure described in Section V-A. The 16 × 4 transmitter is linearized for the steering angles (Az t , El t ) = (0, 0) • , (50, 0) • , (30,25) • and the 8 × 8 transmitter is linearized for (Az t , El t ) = (0, 0) • . Fig.…”

Section: F Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

Taghikhani

Buisman

Fager

2020

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Hybrid digital and analog beamforming is an emerging technique for high-data-rate communication at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Experimental evaluation of such techniques is challenging, time-consuming, and costly. This article presents a hardware-oriented modeling method for predicting the performance of an mm-wave hybrid beamforming transmitter. The proposed method considers the effect of active circuit nonlinearity as well as the coupling and mismatch in the antenna array. It also provides a comprehensive prediction of radiation patterns and far-field signal distortions. Furthermore, it predicts the antenna input active impedance, considering the effect of active circuit load-dependent characteristics. The method is experimentally verified by a 29-GHz beamforming subarray module comprising an analog beamforming integrated circuit (IC) and a 2 × 2 subarray microstrip patch antenna. The measurement results present good agreement with the predicted ones for a wide range of beam-steering angles. As a use case of the model, far-field nonlinear distortions for different antenna array configurations are studied. The demonstration shows that the variation of nonlinear distortion versus steering angle depends significantly on the array configuration and beam direction. Moreover, the results illustrate the importance of considering the joint operation of beamforming ICs, antenna array, and linearization in the design of mm-wave beamforming transmitters.

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Section: F Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

Taghikhani

Buisman

Fager

2020

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…In another case study, the ideal predistorter is designed to linearize the 16 × 4 array for the beams in (Az s , El s ) = (50, 0) • and (30,25) • directions (see Fig. 18(c) and (d), respectively).…”

Section: F Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

Taghikhani¹

2020

Preprint

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<div>Hybrid digital and analog beamforming is an</div><div>emerging technique for high-data-rate communication at</div><div>millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Experimental evaluation</div><div>of such techniques is challenging, time-consuming, and costly.</div><div>This article presents a hardware-oriented modeling method for</div><div>predicting the performance of an mm-wave hybrid beamforming</div><div>transmitter. The proposed method considers the effect of active</div><div>circuit nonlinearity as well as the coupling and mismatch in the</div><div>antenna array. It also provides a comprehensive prediction of</div><div>radiation patterns and far-field signal distortions. Furthermore,</div><div>it predicts the antenna input active impedance, considering</div><div>the effect of active circuit load-dependent characteristics. The</div><div>method is experimentally verified by a 29-GHz beamforming</div><div>subarray module comprising an analog beamforming integrated</div><div>circuit (IC) and a 2 × 2 subarray microstrip patch antenna.</div><div>The measurement results present good agreement with the</div><div>predicted ones for a wide range of beam-steering angles. As a</div><div>use case of the model, far-field nonlinear distortions for different</div><div>antenna array configurations are studied. The demonstration</div><div>shows that the variation of nonlinear distortion versus steering</div><div>angle depends significantly on the array configuration and beam</div><div>direction. Moreover, the results illustrate the importance of</div><div>considering the joint operation of beamforming ICs, antenna</div><div>array, and linearization in the design of mm-wave beamforming</div><div>transmitters.</div>

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“…[4]- [7], [9]- [11]), and over-the-air (OTA) (e.g. [3], [8], [12]- [17]) FB methods. The OTA methods provide low-complexity ways to measure the radiated response.…”

Section: A State-of-the-art Array Feedback Rx Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2(a). The DPD trained with such a feedback is presented for example in [3], [8], [12], [13], [15], [16]. Use of reference antennas does not add post-PA losses from e.g., couplers and switches that would decrease the overall power efficiency.…”

Section: A Over-the-air Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Predistortion of Phased-Array Transmitter With Shared Feedback and Far-Field Calibration

Tervo¹,

Khan²,

Kursu³

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Digital predistortion (DPD) of a phased array requires that multiple transmit paths must be measured by a feedback (FB) receiver (Rx). In this paper, we propose a FB concept for DPD in a time-division-duplex (TDD) phased arrays. We use a single FB line to collect the waveform samples from the parallel transmit paths to the FB Rx. The TDD switches are used to enable and disable individual transmit paths. The feedback is calibrated by comparing the FB outputs from individual PAs to over-the-air (OTA) measurement reference performed with a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal. The individual PA measurements are post-equalized before the DPD training to model the far-field signal. Three alternative strategies are considered for training the DPD through the calibrated FB line and compared with the OTA DPD. The performance is verified by OTA measurements of a 28 GHz phased array transmitter and with fifth generation New Radio waveform in terms of total radiated (TR) adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR), cumulative absolute ACP (CACP), and main lobe error vector magnitude (EVM). The best EVM and ACPR performance is achieved by the strategy where the individual PA responses are treated independently. The methods were comparable to the OTA DPD performance, achieving all < 37 dB TRACPR, −29 dBm/MHz CACP, and ≤ 7 % EVM.

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Single-Input Single-Output Digital Predistortion of Multi-user RF Beamforming Arrays

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

Digital Predistortion of Phased-Array Transmitter With Shared Feedback and Far-Field Calibration

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