Single-mode optical waveguides

Abstract

An efficient and powerful technique has been developed to treat the problem of wave propagation along arbitrarily shaped single-mode dielectric waveguides with inhomogeneous index variations in the cross-sectional plane. This technique is based on a modified finite-element method. Illustrative examples were given for the following guides: (a) the triangular fiber guide; (b) the elliptical fiber guide; (c) the single material fiber guide; (d) the rectangular fiber guide; guide; (g) the optical stripline guide.

Analysis of partially metal‐clad and dielectric overlay‐loaded diffused optical waveguide

“…5; convergence of the res ult has been confirmed by extending the section A1B1C1D1 in Fig. 4 to A2B2C2D2· When the present result is compared with the result of the vectorial finite-element method made by Yeh et al [9), good agreement is observed with a profile given by Eq. (4).…”

“…On the other hand, the effect of a 2-dimensionally inhomogeneous refractive index profile [6] is considered in the treatments via the variational method [7], the effective index method [8], the finite element method [9], and the linear segment layer approximation [10], in which, however, the metal cladding and the dielectric overlay are not considered.…”

“…The vectorial finiteelement method [9,11,13,14] has been developed in terms of electric and magnetic fields along the propagation axis (z axis). However, it generates spurious modes that couple to the real modes [11,14].…”

Ray-Optics Analysis of Single Mode Condition for Optical Waveguides With Rectangular Cross-Section

“…In the same year, Goell [17] presented his circular harmonic computer analysis. Other approaches such as Knox and Toulios' [18] equivalent-index method, Yeh's [19] finite-element method, and Jain's [20] variational method have appeared later to solve the problem in different ways. However, all these techniques above analyze modes by a physical-optics method, which involves complex algebraic or differential calculation but does not give an explicit solution for the single mode condition of rectangular dielectric waveguides.…”

Detailed comparison of two approximate methods for the solution of the scalar wave equation for a rectangular optical waveguide

“…This method is very accurate but time consuming. Another accurate method is the finite element method [4], but this requires computations involving large matrices, which is also time consuming. Garlerkin's method has been used with trigonometric [5] and Hermite-Gauss basis functions [6] to transform the scalar wave equation into a linear eigenvalue matrix equation.…”