Single or combined exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin provoke oxidative stress and downregulation in monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase gene expression of the rat’s brain

Ibrahim, Khairy A.; Abdelrahman, Shimaa Mohamed; Elhakim, Heba K.A.; Ragab, Eman A.

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-07864-8

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…D4: the SPLN-treated group showed the nerve fibers of hippocampus appeared as normal with highly branched neurons (arrow) with many spots of synapse (arrowhead). Silver stain × 200 of Elmorsy et al and Ibrahim et al, who found that AlCl 3 and other neurotoxins caused a significant downregulation of MAO and AchE as a result of brain neurotoxicity [62,68]. Treatments with free SP and SPLN formulation ameliorated the injurious effects of the AlCl 3 .…”

Section: Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Additionally, the antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2) levels and Mao transcript considerably decreased, and the proapoptotic (Bax) levels increased in the AlCl 3 -treated group [61]. Moreover, Ibrahim et al reported that the reduced brain neurotransmitters and downregulation of AchE and Mao resulted from brain neurotoxicity [62]. Aluminum, a metal ion of toxicological relevance, inhibits the activities of Na + , K + -activated, and Mg 2+ -activated adenosine triphosphatase [63].…”

Section: Determination Of Acetylcholinesterase Activity Brain Monoami...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the neuroprotective effect of Spirulina platensis–loaded niosomes against Alzheimer’s disease induced in rats

Abdelghany

Gamal

Abdel‐Wahab

et al. 2023

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, changes in behavior, and avoidance of social bonds. Aluminum is one of the main risk factors in the development of AD. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a microalga that improves motor and cognitive skills and prevents cerebral endothelial damage. SP could be delivered in a more controlled and targeted manner using nanoparticles like niosomes. The purpose of this research was to develop a SP-loaded niosome (SPLN) formulation as a drug delivery system to investigate the effectiveness and toxicity of SP as an AD therapy using the AlCl3-induced AD rat model. A niosomal formulation that consists of Tween 60, cholesterol, and dihexadecyl phosphate in a molar ratio of 1:2:0.1 was chosen as an optimum formulation. AD was induced in rats by orally administering AlCl3. Compared with the AlCl3 control, the group treated with the SPLN formulation showed enhancement of the recognition and working memories by increasing the difference score, the discrimination ratio, and the spontaneous alternation behavior. Additionally, it revealed a significant increase in AchE genes, restored the reduced brain neurotransmitters, and improved brain oxidative status. In conclusion, SPLN formulation could be considered an effective AD therapy. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Determination Of Acetylcholinesterase Activity Brain Monoami...mentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the neuroprotective effect of Spirulina platensis–loaded niosomes against Alzheimer’s disease induced in rats

Abdelghany

Gamal

Abdel‐Wahab

et al. 2023

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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“…Pesticide exposure has a long history of altering brain pathways and morphology in target and nontarget organisms. For example, organophosphate insecticides, which also target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, have been reported to alter brain size in children, 59 rats, 60 and northern leopard frog tadpoles. 61 Pesticide-induced neurodegeneration has been previously attributed to apoptosis, pyknosis of the cerebellum, and oxidative stress.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the Pipes: Agricultural Tile Drains and Elevated Imidacloprid Brain Concentrations in Juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens)

Campbell

Keller

Golovko

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic insecticides and are often released into nearby wetlands via subsurface tile drains and can negatively impact nontarget organisms, such as amphibians. Previous studies have indicated that imidacloprid, a commonly used neonicotinoid, can cross the amphibian blood–brain barrier under laboratory conditions; however, little is known about the impact of low concentrations in a field-based setting. Here, we report aqueous pesticide concentrations at wetland production areas that were either connected or not connected to agricultural tile drains, quantified imidacloprid and its break down products in juvenile amphibian brains and livers, and investigated the relationship between imidacloprid brain concentration and brain size. Imidacloprid concentrations in brain and water samples were nearly 2.5 and 5 times higher at tile wetlands (brain = 4.12 ± 1.92 pg/mg protein; water = 0.032 ± 0.045 μg/L) compared to reference wetlands, respectively. Tile wetland amphibians also had shorter cerebellums (0.013 ± 0.001 mm), depicting a negative relationship between imidacloprid brain concentration and cerebellum length. The metabolite, desnitro-imidacloprid, had liver concentrations that were 2 times higher at tile wetlands (2 ± 0.3 μg/g). Our results demonstrate that imidacloprid can cross the amphibian blood–brain barrier under ecological conditions and may alter brain dimensions and provide insight into the metabolism of imidacloprid in amphibians.

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“…Deleterious Effects of Banned Chemical Pesticides on Human Health in Developing Countries DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104571 chlorpyrifos (organophosphorus insecticide), and cypermethrin (pyrethroid insecticide) [155] caused a decrease in serotonin and dopamine levels in rats.…”

Section: Psychological Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious Effects of Banned Chemical Pesticides on Human Health in Developing Countries

Bayoumi¹

2022

Pesticides - Updates on Toxicity, Efficacy and Risk Assessment

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Nowadays, large quantities of banned chemical pesticides are still in use illegally in various developing countries. The effect of these pesticides on humans, that is, children, adults, including pregnant women, either through chronic residential or occupational exposure, leads to various negative effects. This chapter focuses on the evidence of using the banned pesticides in developing countries and the occurrence of different diseases that affect the quality of life of the affected individuals either at the health, social, and/or labor level. The recorded diseases included obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, dementia, Parkinson’s, asthma, chronic bronchitis, autism, erectile dysfunction, and psychological disorders as a result of chronic exposure to the banned pesticides. It was highlighted the identification of each disease, some epidemiological studies carried out in developing countries, and the mechanisms of action by which the pesticides are linked to each mentioned disease. In conclusion, it was discussed the major causes behind the incidence of such diseases and suggested suitable solutions that must be presented by the US Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Agriculture Organization among other bodies to the developing countries to avoid and overcome the occurrence of such diseases in the future.

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Single or combined exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin provoke oxidative stress and downregulation in monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase gene expression of the rat’s brain

Cited by 29 publications

References 54 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the neuroprotective effect of Spirulina platensis–loaded niosomes against Alzheimer’s disease induced in rats

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the neuroprotective effect of Spirulina platensis–loaded niosomes against Alzheimer’s disease induced in rats

Connecting the Pipes: Agricultural Tile Drains and Elevated Imidacloprid Brain Concentrations in Juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens)

Deleterious Effects of Banned Chemical Pesticides on Human Health in Developing Countries

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