Single organic monolayer imaging by electron microscopy

Fryer, J. R.; Hann, R. A.; Eyres, B. L.

doi:10.1038/313382a0

Cited by 77 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The spacings found can be easily correlated to the intercolumnar layer spacing of 1.64 nm, found in the DAo-mesophase of 10 [50]. These results strongly support the "edge on" arrangement of the original monolayers at the water surface, possibly implying lateral columnar packing [38] of the triphenylene cores. However, LB multilayers of the triphenylene ester 9 gave a layer spacing of 2.79 nm, which differs substantially from the molecular spacings in its mesophase [43].…”

Section: Spreading Behaviour Of the Triphenylene Derivatives 9-11supporting

confidence: 72%

“…The lift off of hydrophilic groups from the water surface is possible, as studies of the spreading behaviour of octadecanedioic acid monomethylester demonstrated [45]. An analogous model is discussed for the spreading behaviour of (tetra-t-butyl)copper-phthalocyanine [38]. Furthermore, the low compressibility of the monolayers of the triphenylenes 9-11 points to an interaction of the aromatic cores as well, best realizable by the "edge on" arrangement.…”

Section: Spreading Behaviour Of the Triphenylene Derivatives 9-11mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far there have only been a few reports about the spreading behaviour of discotic LCs [5,7], but much work has been done on disc-shaped molecules such as porphyrins or phthalocyanines [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] which do not form thermotropic mesophases. However, the formation of defined monomolecular films at the gas-water interface is uncertain in some cases, considering the published n-A diagrams.…”

Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monolayers of rod-shaped and disc-shaped liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface

Albrecht

Cumming

Kreuder

et al. 1986

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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Monolayers of rod-shaped and disc-shaped liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface Abstract: Calamitic (rod-shaped) and discotic (disc-shaped) thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) compounds were spread at the air-water interface, and their ability to form monolayers was studied. The calamitic LCs investigated were found to form monolayers which behave analogously to conventional amphiphiles such as fatty acids. The spreading of the discotic LCs produced monolayers as well, but with a behaviour different from classical amphiphiles. The areas occupied per molecule are too small to allow the contact of all hydrophilic groups with the water surface and the packing of all hydrophobic chains. Various molecular arrangements of the discotics at the water surface to fit the spreading data are discussed. U n i v e r s i t ä t P o t s d a m

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Section: Spreading Behaviour Of the Triphenylene Derivatives 9-11supporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Spreading Behaviour Of the Triphenylene Derivatives 9-11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monolayers of rod-shaped and disc-shaped liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface

Albrecht

Cumming

Kreuder

et al. 1986

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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“…The construction of ordered supramolecular structure of phthalocyanines and metallo-phthalocyanines at the air-water interface have received much attention due to their potential applications as photoconductor, organic semiconductor, data storage material, and gas sensor [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Previous research results revealed that the use of phthalocyanine derivatives as building block to construct supramolecular structure at the air-water interface is very promising due to not only the strong π-π interaction between the macrocycles but also the tunable packing models of phthalocyanine rings by substitutions [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional “nano-ring and nano-crystal” morphologies in Langmuir monolayer of phthalocyaninato nickel complexes

Liu

Bian

et al. 2006

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Although the structure of LB films have been extensively studied by various methods, these techniques are not sensitive to microscopic defects such as pinholes, tears and folds within layers. Film defects have been examined primarily with electron microscopy, although investigations are limited to special substrates or result in destruction of the films (18)(19)(20)(21). The AFM can be used to image defects as small as a few nanometers in cadmium arachidate monolayers on mica substrates without damaging the sample (22).…”

Section: Sample Modification For Scanning Probe Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Probe Microscopy of Surfactant Bilayers and Monolayers

Zasadzinski

Woodward

Longo

et al. 1992

ACS Symposium Series

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The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) offer exciting new ways of imaging surfactant monolayers and bilayers with resolution to the sub-molecular scale. We present images of biological and synthetic surfactant monolayers and bilayers obtained with these techniques that demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of each. STM is used to image freeze--fracture replicas of the ripple phases of saturated phosphatidylcholines to show a previously unknown secondary ripple recently confirmed by X-ray diffraction. AFM is used to study the structure and defects of Langmuir-Blodgett films to a resolution never before attained, both under water and in air. The molecular spacing and lattice symmetry of the films are visible in phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers, and the images are suggestive of hexatic organization. In monolayers of cadmium arachidate, we have visualized point defects less than 10 nm in extent -about an order of magnitude smaller than any previous technique.In the 300 years of optical and 50 years of electron microscopy development, nothing has prepared us for the incredible imaging power and simplicity of the scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes (1). The STM has the greatest proven resolution of any imaging technique; for ideal samples the lateral resolution is about 1Â and the vertical resolution is less than 0.1Â. The operating principle of the STM is surprisingly simple. A metal tip is brought close enough to the surface to be imaged that, at a convenient operating voltage (2 mV -2V), electrons begin to tunnel between the tip and the surface. The tip is scanned over the surface while the tunneling current is measured. A feedback network changes the height of the tip to keep the tunneling current constant in the so-called "constant current mode" or the current is monitored at constant tip height in the "constant height mode." In the morecommonly used constant current mode, if the current can be kept constant to 2%, then the gap between the surface and tip remains constant to within .01A (2). An image consists of a map of the tip height vs lateral position. The result is a threedimensional image of the scanned surface with atomic resolution.The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was developed in 1986 to image nonconductors and should be the ideal instrument for visualizing biological and organic

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Single organic monolayer imaging by electron microscopy

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

Monolayers of rod-shaped and disc-shaped liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface

Monolayers of rod-shaped and disc-shaped liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface

Two-dimensional “nano-ring and nano-crystal” morphologies in Langmuir monolayer of phthalocyaninato nickel complexes

Scanning Probe Microscopy of Surfactant Bilayers and Monolayers

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