Single OTRA Based Analog Multiplier and Its Applications

Abstract

This paper presents an analog multiplier using single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA). The proposed circuit is suitable for integration as it does not use any external passive component. It can be used as a four-quadrant multiplier. Theoretical propositions are verified through PSPICE simulations using 0.5 μm CMOS parameters provided by MOSIS (AGILENT). The simulation results are in close agreement with theoretical predictions. The workability of the proposed multiplier is also tested through two applications, namely, a squarer and an amplitude modulator.

Single Fully Differential Second Generation Current Conveyor Based Four‐Quadrant Analog Multiplier Design and Its Applications

“…Presently, there is a growing interest to implement circuits employing Active building blocks (ABBs). Recently, numerous multiplier circuits has been reported by several research groups employing various high-performance ABBs, e.g., Operational amplifiers (OPAMP) [12,13] , Operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) [14] , Operational transresistance amplifiers (OTRA) [15] , Second generation current conveyor (CCII) [16] , Current controlled current conveyors (CCCII) [17] , Current differencing buffered amplifiers (CDBA) [18,19] , Current controlled current differencing buffer amplifiers (CCCDBA) [20,21] , Current differencing trans-conductance amplifiers (CDTA) [22] , Current controlled current differencing trans-conductance amplifiers (CCCDTA) [23] , Current controllable current conveyor trans-conductance amplifiers (CCCCTA) [24] , Differential difference current conveyors (DDCC) [25] , Dual-X second generation current conveyors (DXCCII) [26] , Multiple-output Current controlled current through transconductance amplifiers (MO-CCCTTA) [27] , etc. But careful observation reveals that several circuits have one or more of the following limitations: i) Employs two or more Active building blocks (ABBs) [12][13][14]16,[20][21][22]26] .…”

Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier based Voltage Mode Four Quadrant Analog Multiplier and its Applications

“…Analo g multiplier is used extensively for nonlinear applications such as a modulator, equalizer, frequency doublers, and neural computing [1]. A large number of analog multipliers are available in literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] using different analog building blocks (ABBs) having there own pros and cons.…”

“…So the aim of this study is to present VDBA-based FQAM using the quarter square technique. All available analog multipliers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] are summarized in Table 1 to identify the gap in the previous research and to justify the proposition of voltage mode VDBA based FQAM. Some of the inferences from Table 1 are: quadrant, while the multiplier designed in another paper [5] can work as a two or four quadrant multiplier.…”

New Multiplier/Divider Using a Single Cdba

“…Furthermore, as these circuits [10,11,12] are based on op-amps, their operation is limited by the well-known limitations of the op-amps. Using a single OTRA and eight MOS transistors, an analog multiplier was reported in [13] but this circuit has the limitation of allowing only non-differential inputs. In [14], Liu reported a circuit using only four MOSFETs and two CFOAs 1 , but the circuit therein realizes only a divider.…”

“…A CDBA is a four terminal building block which is characterized by the terminal equations 0, , Various researchers have proposed analog multiplier and/or divider circuits in the past using a variety of active building blocks such as Current Controlled Current Conveyors (CCCII) [5,7], second generation Current Conveyors (CCII) [6], operational trans-conductance amplifiers (OTA) [8], current differencing trans conductance amplifiers (CDTA) [9], operational amplifiers [10,11,12,19], operational trans-resistance amplifier (OTRA) [13], current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOA) [14], current controllable current conveyor trans conductance amplifier (CC-CCTA) [20], dual-X second-generation current conveyors (DXCCIIs) [21] and current controlled current-differencing trans-conductance amplifiers (CC-CDTA) [22].…”