Single prolonged stress disrupts retention of extinguished fear in rats

Knox, Dayan; George, Sophie; Fitzpatrick, Christopher; Rabinak, Christine A.; Maren, Stephen; Liberzon, Israel

doi:10.1101/lm.024356.111

Cited by 196 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

196

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The standard paradigm restrains rats for 2 h, subsequently subjecting them to 20 min forced swim and 15 min later to ether until unconsciousness. Failure to retain extinction memory, which is often observed in PTSD [24] has been reproduced with the SPS model [25] . The model also found increased fast negative feedback of the HPA-axis [26,27] , mimicking the neuroendocrine indicator of PTSD [28] .…”

Section: Single-prolonged Stressmentioning

confidence: 78%

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Borghans¹,

Homberg²

2015

WJP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common anxiety disorder characterised by its persistence of symptoms after a traumatic experience. Although some patients can be cured, many do not benefit enough from the psychological therapies or medication strategies used. Many researchers use animal models to learn more about the disorder and several models are available. The most-used physical stressor models are single-prolonged stress, restraint stress, foot shock, stress-enhanced fear learning, and underwater trauma. Common social stressors are housing instability, social instability, earlylife stress, and social defeat. Psychological models are not as diverse and rely on controlled exposure to the test animal's natural predator. While validation of these models has been resolved with replicated symptoms using analogous stressors, translating new findings to human patients remains essential for their impact on the field. Choosing a model to experiment with can be challenging; this overview of what is possible with individual models may aid in making a decision. Core tip: There are currently several widely accepted animal models being used in fundamental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research, and many publications using them have made valuable contributions to the collective knowledge on the subject. Still, the difference between models indicates that their suitability depends on the situation; each model has shown different amounts of success in replicating individual criteria or aspects of PTSD. Accordingly, the selection of the most suitable model for each experiment is important for optimally reliable results. This review offers relevant information to aid in that decision.Borghans B, Homberg JR. Animal models for posttraumatic REVIEW 387December 22, 2015|Volume 5|Issue 4|

show abstract

Section: Single-prolonged Stressmentioning

confidence: 78%

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Borghans¹,

Homberg²

2015

WJP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…nonsignificant comparisons. Holmes and Wellman 2009;Knox et al 2012;Deschaux et al 2013;Hamacher-Dang et al 2013;Raio et al 2014; also see Siette et al 2014). Both of these effects would promote expression of the fear memory, although neither of these explanations allow for the context-dependent expression of reinstatement during the long-term test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Relapse of extinguished fear after exposure to a dangerous context is mitigated by testing in a safe context

Goode

Kim

2015

Learn. Mem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aversive events can trigger relapse of extinguished fear memories, presenting a major challenge to the long-term efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Here, we examined factors regulating the relapse of extinguished fear after exposure of rats to a dangerous context. Rats received unsignaled shock in a distinct context ("dangerous" context) 24 h prior to auditory fear conditioning in another context. Fear to the auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) was subsequently extinguished either in the conditioning context ("ambiguous" context) or in a third novel context ("safe" context). Exposure to the dangerous context 30 min before a CS retention test caused relapse to the CS in the ambiguous and safe test contexts relative to nonextinguished controls. When rats were tested 24 h later (with or without short-term testing), rats tested in the ambiguous context continued to exhibit relapse, whereas rats tested in the safe context did not. Additionally, exposure of rats to the conditioning context-in place of the unsignaled shock context-did not result in relapse of fear to the CS in the safe testing context. Our work highlights the vulnerabilities of extinction recall to interference, and demonstrates the importance of context associations in the relapse of fear after extinction.

show abstract

“…Control animals were left in their home cages in a novel room for the duration of the SPS procedure. Following these procedures, rats were housed individually and allowed an undisturbed post-stress incubation period of seven days because this is necessary to observe SPS effects [11, 14]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the single prolonged stress model

Keller

Schreiber

Staib

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder resulting from traumatic stress exposure. Females are more likely to develop PTSD than males, but neurobiological mechanisms underlying female susceptibility are lacking. This can be addressed by using nonhuman animal models. Single prolonged stress (SPS), a nonhuman animal model of PTSD, results in cued fear extinction retention deficits and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) upregulation in male rats. These effects appear linked in the SPS model, as well as in PTSD. However, the effects of SPS on cued fear extinction retention and hippocampal GRs in female rats remain unknown. Thus, we examined sex differences in SPS-induced cued fear extinction retention deficits and hippocampal GR upregulation. SPS induced cued fear extinction retention deficits in male rats but not female rats. SPS enhanced GR levels in the dorsal hippocampus of female rats, but not male rats. SPS had no effects on ventral hippocampal GR levels, but ventral hippocampal GR levels were attenuated in female rats relative to males. These results suggest that female rats are more resilient to the effects of SPS. The results also suggest that GR upregulation and cued fear extinction retention deficits can be dissociated in the SPS model. Keywords: sex differences, stress, post traumatic stress disorder, extinction recall, fear, glucocorticoids

show abstract

Single prolonged stress disrupts retention of extinguished fear in rats

Cited by 196 publications

References 57 publications

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Relapse of extinguished fear after exposure to a dangerous context is mitigated by testing in a safe context

Sex differences in the single prolonged stress model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About