Single-Shot Diffractive Imaging with a Table-Top Femtosecond Soft X-Ray Laser-Harmonics Source

Ravasio, A.; Gauthier, David; Maia, Filipe R. N. C.; Billon, M.; Caumes, Jean-Pascal; Garzella, D.; Géléoc, Marie; Gobert, O.; Hergott, J.-F.; Pena, Ana‐Maria; Pérez, H.; Carré, B.; Bourhis, E. Le; Giérak, J.; Madouri, Ali; Mailly, D.; Schiedt, B.; Fajardo, M.; Gautier, J.; Zeitoun, Philippe; Bucksbaum, P. H.; Hajdu, János; Merdji, H.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.028104

Cited by 187 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The well-known phase problem is solved by using the oversampling method (29) in combination with the iterative algorithms (30)(31)(32)(33). Since its first experimental demonstration in 1999 (1), coherent diffraction microscopy has been applied to imaging a wide range of materials science and biological specimens such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, biomaterials, cells, cellular organelles, viruses by using synchrotron radiation (2-21), high harmonic generation (22)(23)(24), soft X-ray laser sources (23,25), and free electron lasers (26)(27)(28). Until now, however, the radiation damage problem and the difficulty of acquiring high-quality 3D diffraction patterns from individual whole cells have prevented the successful high-resolution 3D imaging of biological cells by X-ray diffraction microscopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative 3D imaging of whole, unstained cells by using X-ray diffraction microscopy

Jiang

Song

Chen

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

261

153

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Microscopy has greatly advanced our understanding of biology. Although significant progress has recently been made in optical microscopy to break the diffraction-limit barrier, reliance of such techniques on fluorescent labeling technologies prohibits quantitative 3D imaging of the entire contents of cells. Cryoelectron microscopy can image pleomorphic structures at a resolution of 3-5 nm, but is only applicable to thin or sectioned specimens. Here, we report quantitative 3D imaging of a whole, unstained cell at a resolution of 50-60 nm by X-ray diffraction microscopy. We identified the 3D morphology and structure of cellular organelles including cell wall, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, granules, nucleus, and nucleolus inside a yeast spore cell. Furthermore, we observed a 3D structure protruding from the reconstructed yeast spore, suggesting the spore germination process. Using cryogenic technologies, a 3D resolution of 5-10 nm should be achievable by X-ray diffraction microscopy. This work hence paves a way for quantitative 3D imaging of a wide range of biological specimens at nanometer-scale resolutions that are too thick for electron microscopy.coherent diffractive imaging | equally sloped tomography | lensless imaging | iterative phase-retrieval algorithms | oversampling A pplication of the long penetration depth of X-rays to the imaging of large, unstained biological specimens has long been recognized as a possible solution to the thickness restrictions of electron microscopy. Indeed, using sizable protein crystals, X-ray crystallography is currently the primary methodology used for determining the 3D structure of protein molecules at near-atomic or atomic resolution. However, many biological specimens such as whole cells, cellular organelles, some viruses, and many important protein molecules are difficult or impossible to crystallize and hence their structures are not accessible by crystallography. Overcoming these limitations requires the employment of different techniques. One promising approach currently under rapid development is coherent diffraction microscopy (also termed coherent diffractive imaging or lensless imaging) in which the coherent diffraction pattern of a noncrystalline specimen or a nanocrystal is measured and then directly phased to obtain an image (1-28). The well-known phase problem is solved by using the oversampling method (29) in combination with the iterative algorithms (30-33). Since its first experimental demonstration in 1999 (1), coherent diffraction microscopy has been applied to imaging a wide range of materials science and biological specimens such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, biomaterials, cells, cellular organelles, viruses by using synchrotron radiation (2-21), high harmonic generation (22-24), soft X-ray laser sources (23, 25), and free electron lasers (26-28). Until now, however, the radiation damage problem and the difficulty of acquiring high-quality 3D diffraction patterns from individual whole cells have prevented the successful high-resolution ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative 3D imaging of whole, unstained cells by using X-ray diffraction microscopy

Jiang

Song

Chen

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

261

153

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“…Celles-ci exploitent respectivement la cohérence spatiale de l'émission [5] et la cohérence relative des différentes composantes spectrales [6]. Le transfert de cohérence du visible vers l'EUV ouvre ainsi de nombreuses perspectives (holographie, interférométrie, tomographie moléculai-re…).…”

Section: Génération D'harmoniques éLevéesunclassified

“…L'écart-type de l'erreur de sphéricité du front d'onde atteint la valeur record de λ/17 à la longueur d'onde de 32 nm. Ceci est bien meilleur que la limite de diffraction [5] et permet d'anticiper la possibilité de focaliser ces sources sur une dimension proche de leur longueur d'onde. L'énergie du faisceau est aujourd'hui de l'ordre du microjoule par tir, ce qui est remarquable dans cette gamme spectrale.…”

Section: Rayonnement Xuv Intenseunclassified

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Sources cohérentes de laboratoire dans l’extrême ultraviolet

et al. 2010

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Refl ets de laLes sources lumineuses émettant dans le domaine extrême ultraviolet * (EUV) du spectre sont particulièrement recherchées pour plusieurs raisons, liées respectivement à la longueur d'onde, à l'énergie et à la période des ondes et photons associés.Premièrement, la limite de résolution théorique d'un microscope ou, récipro-quement, la limite de focalisation d'un faisceau, est proportionnelle à la longueur d'onde utilisée pour une ouverture numérique donnée : les courtes longueurs d'onde sont donc proportionnellement favorisées.Deuxièmement, les photons EUV ont des énergies * élevées (6 à 300 eV), comparables à celles requises pour ioniser directement la matière diluée ou solide : une spectroscopie extrêmement riche s'est développée à partir de cette constatation comme, par exemple, la spectroscopie de coïncidences et la spectroscopie Auger.Enfi n, c'est une zone du spectre très étendue (≈ 300 eV), dans laquelle les périodes des ondes électromagnétiques sont courtes (12 à 700 attosecondes (as)) : ceci donne l'opportunité d'y synthétiser des impulsions extrêmement brèves, plus brèves que celles obtenues dans le domaine visible qui sont limitées à quelques femtosecondes.Naturellement, toutes ces applications bénéfi cient, voire requièrent, une source EUV cohérente (voir encadré 1). En effet, une source cohérente spatialement gagne en focalisabilité et en éclaire-ment * ; une source cohérente temporellement correspond à une raie spectralement fi ne, indispensable en spectroscopie ; enfi n, à l'inverse, un rayonnement cohérent spectralement correspond potentiellement à des impulsions ultra-brèves.Cependant, lorsqu'on souhaite bénéfi -cier d'une certaine cohérence dans ce domaine spectral, on est souvent réduit à fi ltrer des sources intenses, de type synchrotron, à la façon de ce qui se faisait dans le visible avant l'avènement des lasers, ou à recourir aux lasers à électrons libres, disponibles depuis peu. Le coût de telles machines et le temps de faisceau disponible restreignent drastiquement les durées d'accès des utilisateurs au faisceau. De plus, de nombreuses expériences, comme par exemple les techniques pompesonde * , y sont très diffi ciles en raison de la gigue temporelle * importante du faisceau. La demande de solutions alternatives est donc élevée, et plusieurs approches basées sur l'interaction laser-matière sont à l'étude en France [1].Elles utilisent différents processus, basés soit sur la conversion de fréquence de lasers, soit sur l'émission de rayons X de plasmas chauds produits par laser. Dans cet article, nous nous focalisons sur les techniques à base de Génération d'Harmoniques d'ordres Élevés (GHE) d'un laser, qui se rangent dans la première catégorie. Nous présentons d'abord le principe de la GHE, découverte il y a 20 ans, qui constitue un outil aujourd'hui mature pour les applications. Nous montrons ensuite comment elle peut servir de source primaire pour deux développements importants : la fabrication d'impulsions EUV intenses et la synthèse d'impulsions EUV attosecondes. Thierry Ru...

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“…In contrast with the harmonic generation from laser-gas interactions, whose pulse intensities are limited by gas ionization threshold and poor phase matching at laser intensities beyond 10 15 W/cm 2 [1][2][3][4] , the HOHG from solid targets has no limitation on laser intensities, so it can reach much higher pulse intensities to improve the conversion efficiency. Recently it is further extended to the generation of intense isolated attosecond pulses [5,6] with near diffraction-limited spatial beam quality [7] , which can be regarded as a powerful tool for diagnosing the properties of plasmas [8,9] and imaging science [10,11] . Since HOHG from solid targets was observed with CO 2 laser for the first time by Carman et al in 1981 [12] , it has been extensively investigated both experimentally [13][14][15][16] and theoretically [17][18][19][20][21][22] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of laser contrast on high-order harmonic generation from solid-density plasma surfaces

Gao¹,

Liu²,

Ge³

et al. 2017

Chin. Opt. Lett.

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/62716/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output.Influence of laser contrast on high-order harmonic generation from solid-density plasma surfaces The influence of the laser temporal contrast on the high-order harmonic generation from intense laser interactions with solid-density plasma surfaces is experimentally studied. A switchable plasma mirror system is set up to improve the contrast by two orders of magnitude at 10 ps prior to the main peak. By using the plasma mirror and tuning the prepulse, the dependence of HOHG on laser contrast is investigated. Harmonics up to the 21 st order via the mechanism of coherent wake emission are observed only when the targets are irradiated by high contrast laser pulses by applying the plasma mirror.

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Single-Shot Diffractive Imaging with a Table-Top Femtosecond Soft X-Ray Laser-Harmonics Source

Cited by 187 publications

References 25 publications

Quantitative 3D imaging of whole, unstained cells by using X-ray diffraction microscopy

Quantitative 3D imaging of whole, unstained cells by using X-ray diffraction microscopy

Sources cohérentes de laboratoire dans l’extrême ultraviolet

Influence of laser contrast on high-order harmonic generation from solid-density plasma surfaces

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