With the development of ultraintense terawatt (TW) and petawatt (PW) laser systems, powerful terahertz (THz) radiation from laser-plasma interactions has been reported. Plasma-based THz systems, which are usually operated at extremely low repetition rates, call for single-shot diagnostics. In this paper, various state-of-the-art single-shot detection methods are introduced or designed for measurements and applications involved in high-power plasma-based THz sciences.Keywords: laser-plasma interaction; single-shot detection; terahertz radiation
General review on THz detectorsNowadays, detection of radiation in the terahertz (THz) frequency domain is of great interest in active research [1,2] . Generally speaking, the methods involved can be mainly categorized into two types: incoherent (direct) detection and coherent detection. In order to meet the requirements of different applications, designs for specific THz radiation detection systems need to take the following three factors into account: (1) whether the system has sufficiently high sensitivity to allow signals to be extracted from thermal background radiation; (2) whether the data sampling rate allows real-time measurements of ultrafast processes; and (3) whether full characterization of the THz radiation, including amplitude and phase information, can be provided with no or little distortion. The last requirement cannot be achieved other than by using coherent detectors/methods.Spectral information is always considered essential in real applications. For applications that require very high spectral resolution within a known frequency region, heterodyne detection systems based on frequency mixing are preferred. At room temperature, a semiconductor-based detector, such as a planar Schottky-diode mixer, is combined with a local oscillator for frequency downconversion [3,4] . The created downshifted signal -the intermediate-frequency (IF) signal -is then filtered and amplified to obtain high sensitivity of detection, the noise equivalent power (NEP) of which Correspondence to: Y