Single-Stage EV On-Board Charger with Single- and Three-Phase Grid Compatibility

Kim, Hyungjin; Park, Junyeong; Kim, Sun-Ju; Hakim, Ramadhan Muhammad; Kieu, Huu-Phuc; Choi, Sewan

doi:10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487195

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Forming a phase-modular isolated three-phase Power Factor Correction (PFC) ac-dc converter system comprising three single-phase PFC rectifier front-ends (with individual isolated dc-dc converter stages) connected to a common starpoint N as highlighted in Fig. 1 [1]- [5] has two major advantages: First, standard single-phase PFC rectifiers [6] can be employed, which is beneficial in terms of economies of scale, design effort, and maintainability. Second, the low average dc-link voltage level of typically Ūdc = 400 V (compared to a standard non-modular/monolithic PFC ac-dc converter with an 800 V dc-link and 1.2 kV Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductors [7]- [9]) allows the usage of superior 600 V Gallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductors and thereby enables high conversion efficiencies η > 99 % even for the I): Each phase module comprises a totem-pole PFC rectifier front-end with an HF bridge-leg and an LF unfolder bridge-leg combined with an isolated dc-dc converter stage connected to a common dc output voltage Uout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Common-Mode Voltage Injection for Phase-Modular Three-Phase PFC Rectifiers Minimizing Energy Buffering Requirement

Menzi,

Marugg,

Langbauer

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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Realizing an isolated three-phase Power Factor Correction (PFC) ac-dc converter as a phase-modular system, i.e, by star-connecting three single-phase PFC rectifier frontends with individual isolated dc-dc converter stages generating a common dc output voltage advantageously facilitates the use of standard single-phase converter modules. Further the low dc-link voltage level of typically 400 V (for a grid with 230 Vrms line-to-neutral voltage) allows to employ high performance 600 V power semiconductors. The main drawback of this concept, however, is the fact that the time-varying single-phase input power only sums to a constant three-phase output power at the isolated dc output, such that large dc-link capacitor values are required in each module (in the range of several 100 µF for a 6 kW system), thereby limiting the achievable power density. It is known from literature that the dc-link energy buffering requirement ∆E dc can be reduced by means of a third-harmonic common-mode (CM) voltage injection modulation and this paper identifies the optimal CM voltage waveform with respect to minimizing ∆E dc , i.e., reducing ∆E dc to the theoretical minimum by combining a bruteforce evaluation of the time-domain CM voltage waveform with phase-symmetry considerations. Additionally, converter operation with minimum dc-link voltage and/or dc-link capacitor values is analyzed and a saturable grid current controller allowing operation of the PFC rectifier front-ends with the optimal CM voltage waveform is investigated. Experimental results with a 6 kW prototype system yield a reduction in ∆E dc by up to 42 % (compared to conventional sinusoidal modulation), which closely matches the theoretical prediction. Also, PFC rectifier operation with a dc-link voltage level as low as 285 V (i.e., below the 325 Vpk grid line-to-neutral voltage amplitude) and with ultra-low dc-link capacitor values is demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Common-Mode Voltage Injection for Phase-Modular Three-Phase PFC Rectifiers Minimizing Energy Buffering Requirement

Menzi,

Marugg,

Langbauer

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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“…The three-phase totem pole active rectifier can be used in various applications, including electric vehicle onboard chargers, energy storage systems, and server power supplies. The specific application determines the requirements for the power rating, the input voltage range, and the output voltage range [99,100].…”

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confidence: 99%

Overview on Battery Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

Dini,

Saponara,

Colicelli

2023

Electronics

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Catalyzed by the increasing interest in bi-directional electric vehicles, this paper delves into their significance and the challenges they encounter. Bi-directional electric vehicles not only serve as transportation but also function as essential electricity resources. Central to this energy revolution are On-Board Chargers (OBCs), which are pivotal in converting alternating (AC) energy into direct (DC) energy and vice versa. In this context, we explore the various circuit architectures of OBCs employed in bi-directional electric vehicles. We delve into the intricacies of rectifiers, switching converters, and the application of advanced control and filtering technologies. Our analysis extends to the implications of these circuit architectures on aspects such as voltage regulation capability, energy efficiency, and thermal management. Furthermore, we address the broader significance of these developments in the integration of bidirectional systems, which are driving advances in circuit architectures to better harness the energy flexibility of electric vehicles. We emphasize the critical role of bi-directional electric vehicles in the transition toward a smart and sustainable energy grid. To enhance accessibility for a diverse readership, we will provide concise definitions or explanations for technical terms used throughout the paper, ensuring that our work is approachable even for those who may not be experts in the field.

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An Overview of 800 V Passenger Electric Vehicle Onboard Chargers: Challenges, Topologies, and Control

Dutta,

Bauman

2024

IEEE Access

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Single-Stage EV On-Board Charger with Single- and Three-Phase Grid Compatibility

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Optimal Common-Mode Voltage Injection for Phase-Modular Three-Phase PFC Rectifiers Minimizing Energy Buffering Requirement

Optimal Common-Mode Voltage Injection for Phase-Modular Three-Phase PFC Rectifiers Minimizing Energy Buffering Requirement

Overview on Battery Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

An Overview of 800 V Passenger Electric Vehicle Onboard Chargers: Challenges, Topologies, and Control

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