Single-stage or two-stages bio-electrochemical treatment process of drainage from soilless tomato cultivation with alternating current

Effect of Bio-Electrochemical Treatment of Hydroponic Effluent on the Nutrient Content

“…The medium contains macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur); trace elements (iron, manganese, boron, copper, zinc and molybdenum) and microelements: sodium, chlorine and aluminium [4]. The crops are mainly fertilized in open systems [5]. According to Dyśko et al [6], 70% of the medium supplied is used by plants, with the remaining 30% being used as overflow and discharged, untreated, into the environment.…”

“…According to Dyśko et al [6], 70% of the medium supplied is used by plants, with the remaining 30% being used as overflow and discharged, untreated, into the environment. According to the regulations in Poland, horticultural effluent should be treated, and the nitrogen and phosphorus levels, before being discharged to the environment, should not exceed 30 mg N/L and 3 mg P/L [5,7,8]. Therefore, effluent treatment and nutrient recovery are still research objects worldwide.…”

Electrochemical ammonia production from nitrates in agricultural tile drainage: Technoeconomic and global warming analysis

“…To this end, recent systems designed to treat leachates or wastewater have employed electrical reactors such as biofiltration paired with electrocoagulation 18,19 . These applications employing microbial communities for denitrification show electric stimulation of bacteria can increase nitrate reduction (by enhancing enzyme activity) and will generate ammonia as a byproduct (through dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) 16,20 . Unfortunately, many existing and emerging nitrogen management strategies either manage nitrate waste without generating usable ammonia or they are aimed at recycling unused ammonia (in the form of ammonium salts) from animal waste and do not treat tile drainage for nitrates 20‐23 .…”

“…18,19 These applications employing microbial communities for denitrification show electric stimulation of bacteria can increase nitrate reduction (by enhancing enzyme activity) and will generate ammonia as a byproduct (through dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium). 16,20 Unfortunately, many existing and emerging nitrogen management strategies either manage nitrate waste without generating usable ammonia or they are aimed at recycling unused ammonia (in the form of ammonium salts) from animal waste and do not treat tile drainage for nitrates. [20][21][22][23] Therefore, this work primarily focuses on emerging electrochemical technologies that can be combined to convert nitrogenous-waste to value added products, such as ammonia and other fertilizers, thereby partially offsetting the GWP and financial cost associated with ammonia produced by the Haber-Bosch process.…”

“…16,20 Unfortunately, many existing and emerging nitrogen management strategies either manage nitrate waste without generating usable ammonia or they are aimed at recycling unused ammonia (in the form of ammonium salts) from animal waste and do not treat tile drainage for nitrates. [20][21][22][23] Therefore, this work primarily focuses on emerging electrochemical technologies that can be combined to convert nitrogenous-waste to value added products, such as ammonia and other fertilizers, thereby partially offsetting the GWP and financial cost associated with ammonia produced by the Haber-Bosch process. 24,25 Our study examines a hypothetical three-part NCC system based on the three technologies listed above that have been demonstrated individually on the lab-scale.…”