Single-strand conformation polymorphism-based analysis reveals genetic variation within Spirometra erinacei (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from Australia

Zhu, X.Q.; Beveridge, Ian; Berger, Lee; Barton, Diane P.; Gasser, Robin B.

doi:10.1006/mcpr.2001.0406

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase genes of spargana from three frogs (from Queensland and New South Wales) confirmed they were S. erinacei but they differed at 2% of nucleotide positions from S. erinacei found in dogs, foxes, cats, and a tiger snake from Victoria, and from a python from Queensland (Zhu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Spirometra erinacei is the only species of pseudophyllidean cestode known to occur in Australia, and was confirmed in these frogs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Zhu et al, 2002). The different genotype found in the frogs may reflect the limited and geographically scattered sampling, rather than indicating a distinct frog genotype with a novel definitive host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A total count of spargana infecting each frog was not attempted, as this would involve dissection or dissolution of all muscle bundles, which is incompatible with performing histopathology. Live spargana were relaxed in distilled water, then preserved in 70% ethanol or frozen at 280 C. As identification of spargana using morphologic features is unreliable, the identity of specimens was confirmed by DNA sequencing of part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene from five spargana from Cases 3, 7, and 8, and the results were reported in Zhu et al (2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe Sparganosis in Australian Tree Frogs

Berger

Skerratt

Zhu

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Spargana of Spirometra erinacei infect many vertebrate species, but severe disease from sparganosis has been reported from few host species. Information on the effects of this common, introduced tapeworm of cats on Australian frogs is lacking. Our survey to detect significant diseases in free-ranging amphibians in eastern Australia between 1993 and 2000 revealed that infection with spargana (plerocercoids) of S. erinacei occurred in 12/243 (4.9%) sick frogs. Infections occurred in skeletal muscle and subcutis, especially the thighs, of large adults of Litoria caerulea, Litoria aurea, Litoria gracilenta, and Litoria peronii. Three frogs were also infected in the coelomic cavity. Heavy burdens in seven frogs were associated with poor body condition and debilitating lesions, whereas lighter infections in five sick frogs were considered likely to be incidental to other diseases. In severe infections, a large proportion of thigh muscle was replaced with spargana and various amounts of fibrosis, and some frogs also had myonecrosis, granulomatous inflammation, hemorrhage, and skin ulceration. Concurrent infections were common. Our findings suggest sparganosis is one of a few currently recognized serious diseases affecting free-ranging frogs in Australia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe Sparganosis in Australian Tree Frogs

Berger

Skerratt

Zhu

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…In recent years, molecular approaches have been extensively used to study the population genetics of some parasitic helminthes of socio-economic significance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, there is a paucity of information on the genetic variation in populations of some important parasite groups, such as ascaridoid nematodes of human and animal health significance [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic analysis of sequence variability in three mitochondrial DNA regions for ascaridoid parasites of human and animal health significance

Lin

Song

et al. 2008

Electrophoresis

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Sequence variability in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 and nad4), among and within Toxocara canis, T. cati, T. malaysiensis, T. vitulorum and Toxascaris leonina from different geographical origins was examined by a mutation-scanning approach. A portion of the cox1 gene (pcox1), a portion of the nad1 and nad4 genes (pnad1 and pnad4) were amplified separately from individual ascaridoid nematodes by polymerase chain reaction and the amplicons analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Representative samples displaying sequence variation in SSCP profiles were subjected to sequencing in order to define genetic markers for their specific identification and differentiation. While the intra-specific sequence variations within each of the five ascaridoid species were 0.2-3.7% for pcox1, 0-2.8% for pnad1 and 0-2.3% for pnad4, the inter-specific sequence differences were significantly higher, being 7.9-12.9% for pcox1, 10.7-21.1% for pnad1 and 12.9-21.7% for pnad4, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad1 and pnad4 revealed that the recently described species T. malaysiensis was more closely related to T. cati than to T. canis. These findings provided mtDNA evidence for the validity of T. malaysiensis and also demonstrated clearly the usefulness and attributes of the mutation-scanning sequencing approach for studying the population genetic structures of these and other nematodes of socio-economic importance.

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“…Sparganosis has been reported in 5 anuran species in Australia: Bufo marinus (Bennett 1978), Litoria caerulea, L. gracilenta, L. aurea and L. peronii (Berger et al 2009), and heavy burdens were associated with serious disease (Berger et al 2009). Two genetically distinct populations of S. erinacei were detected in Australia, with 1 common genotype occurring in the dog, fox, cat, tiger snake and a python, and a separate genotype identified in 3 common green tree frogs L. caerulea (Zhu et al 2002). The definitive hosts for this amphibian genotype are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using community surveillance data to differentiate between emerging and endemic amphibian diseases

Young¹,

Skerratt²,

Méndez³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We analyzed submission data from a wildlife care group during amphibian disease surveillance in Queensland, Australia. Between January 1999 and December 2004, 877 whitelipped tree frogs Litoria infrafrenata were classified according to origin, season and presenting category. At least 69% originated from urban Cairns, significantly more than from rural and remote areas. Total submissions increased during the early and late dry seasons compared with the early wet season. Frogs most commonly presented each year with injury, followed by 'other', sparganosis and irreversible emaciation of unknown aetiology. This is the first report of Spirometra erinacei infection in this species. A high prevalence (28%) of visible S. erinacei infection was found in emaciated frogs, but this was not statistically different from that in non-emaciated diseased frogs (25%). However, 14 emaciated specimens that were necropsied all had heavy S. erinacei infections, and the odds of visible sparganosis were statistically greater in emaciated frogs compared with injured, non-diseased frogs. We provide a detailed case definition for a new en demic disease manifesting as irreversible emaciation, for which S. erinacei may be the primary aetiological agent. The lack of significant spatial or temporal patterns in case presentation suggests that this is not a currently emerging disease. We show that community wildlife groups can play a valuable role in monitoring disease trends, particularly in urban areas, but identify a number of limitations associated with passive syndromic surveillance. We conclude that it is critical that professionals be involved in establishing syndromic case definitions, diagnostic pathology, complementary active disease surveillance, and data analysis and interpretation in all wildlife disease investigations.KEY WORDS: Amphibian disease · Wildlife disease surveillance · Emaciation · Litoria infrafrenata · Sparganosis · Spirometra erinacei · Tree frog Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 98: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] 2012 and tropical montane habitats in the Neotropics and Australia (Stuart et al. 2004). Many of these declines have now been linked to the spread of the emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, and the impact of this disease on frog populations is thought to represent the most spectacular loss of vertebrate biodiversity resulting from disease in recorded history (Berger et al. 1998, Daszak et al. 2003, Lips et al. 2006, Schloegel et al. 2006, Skerratt et al. 2007).The growing importance of wildlife disease as a threat to biodiversity, human health, agriculture, aquaculture and trade has been demonstrated by recent disease outbreaks, mass mortalities and emergence of new diseases (Daszak et al. 2000). A review in Australia during 1999 and 2000 concluded that a national network to coordinate wildlife disease surveillance, diagnosis, preparedness and response was vital, following which the Australian Wildlife Health Network (AWHN) was...

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Single-strand conformation polymorphism-based analysis reveals genetic variation within Spirometra erinacei (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from Australia

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Severe Sparganosis in Australian Tree Frogs

Severe Sparganosis in Australian Tree Frogs

Electrophoretic analysis of sequence variability in three mitochondrial DNA regions for ascaridoid parasites of human and animal health significance

Using community surveillance data to differentiate between emerging and endemic amphibian diseases

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