Single-tracer technique to evaluate pulmonary edema and its application to detect the effect of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer aerosol exposures

Valentini, Jose E.; Wong, King Lit; Alarie, Y.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(83)90269-7

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The biuret type was studied as aerosol at concentrations of 25 ... 131 mgjm 3 on male mice; the exposure time was 3 hours during which the respiratory rate of the animals was recorded. Pulmonary oedema evident in guinea pigs after 4 h inhalation of an HDI-polyisocyanurate derivative aerosol at concentrations of 2.9 ... 39 mgjm 3 can be detected and evaluated by a single tracer technique [205]. Pulmonary oedema evident in guinea pigs after 4 h inhalation of an HDI-polyisocyanurate derivative aerosol at concentrations of 2.9 ... 39 mgjm 3 can be detected and evaluated by a single tracer technique [205].…”

Section: Other Acute Inhalation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isocyanates

Brochhagen¹

1991

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Section: Other Acute Inhalation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isocyanates

Brochhagen¹

1991

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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“…While much is stilI unknown regarding the toxicit y of the classical isocyanates, even less is known about the pol yisocyanates (3). Onl y limited data on animal toxicity (13,14) and a single case of ad verse reaction in man , an immediate asthmatic reaction (1), have been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic reactions associated with polyisocyanate exposure.

Nielsen¹,

Sangö²,

Winroth³

et al. 1985

Scand J Work Environ Health

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NIE LSEN J, SANao C, WINROTH G , HALLBERG T , SKERFVINa S. System ic reactions associated with po lyisocyanate expos ure. Scand J Work En viron Health 11 (1985) 51-54. A spray-p ai nter su ffered attac ks of chills, fever, genera l malaise, dyspnea and wheezing, headache, art hralgia, and leucocytosis a few hours a fter exposure to aer osols of varnis hes contai ning two diff erent pol yisocyan at es based upon monomers of hexam eth ylene or toluene diisocyana te. Immunologic stu dies revealed an increase in the serum immunoglobulin a level, but no specific antibodies again st isocya nates conjugated to human . serum albumin. The polyi socyan at e level in the workroom air was high [a time -weighted average of 4.2 mg/rn" , correspon ding to 17 pmol NCO (isocya na te gro ups) / m' ), the toluene diisocyanate monomer level bein g much lower (a tim e-weighted averag e of 0.03 rng/m ', corresponding to 0.3 flmol NCO/ m').

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Peripheral Chemosensory Irritation: Fundamentals, Investigation and Applied Considerations

Ballantyne

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Peripheral chemosensory irritation (PCSI) is a pharmacological effect in which xenobiotics interact with sensory nerve receptors in skin and mucosae to produce local sensation (discomfort, itching, burning sensation or pain), together the development of local reflexes and systemic (autonomic) reflexes. The effects subside after removal of the irritant stimulus and do not result in long‐term adverse sequelae. The principal sites where PCSI effects develop are the eye, respiratory tract and skin. The effects produced are protective in nature. For example, with the eye there is pain, increased lacrimation and blepharospasm; these effects give a biological warning of the presence of a PCSI material in the immediate environment, and are protective in nature. The peripheral sensory effects may underlie some of the characteristics associated with the various types of idiopathic environmental intolerance, including multiple chemical sensitivity. Since the local sensory and reflex effects resulting from exposure to a potent sensory irritation (PSI) substance may be detrimental to safe and efficient working conditions, in many cases they may be used as a basis for assigning airborne occupational exposure limits. This review chapter discusses the nature of the PCSI response, receptor interactions and mechanisms, factors influencing response to PCSI effects, quantitation of the response, methods for measuring the PCSI response and the practical implications and applications of chemosensory irritation.

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Single-tracer technique to evaluate pulmonary edema and its application to detect the effect of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer aerosol exposures

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Isocyanates

Isocyanates

Systemic reactions associated with polyisocyanate exposure.

Peripheral Chemosensory Irritation: Fundamentals, Investigation and Applied Considerations

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