Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Intact Organism:  Near-IR Imaging and Biocompatibility Studies in Drosophila

Leeuw, Tonya K.; Reith, R. Michelle; Simonette, Rebecca A.; Harden, Mallory E.; Cherukuri, Paul; Tsyboulski, Dmitri A.; Beckingham, Kathy; Weisman, R. Bruce

doi:10.1021/nl0710452

Cited by 220 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Spectrofluorimetry has been used to quantitatively identify SWNTs in rabbits [87], cells [86], and fruit flies [109]. However, this approach detects only individually dispersed semiconducting SWNTs and cannot be used to detect MWNTs, metallic SWNTs, or bundles of SWNTs that contain metallic SWNTs.…”

Section: Methods Of Cnp Analysis In Other Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Petersen

Henry

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

114

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Abstract-The recent emergence of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) that are released into the environment and lead to exposure in organisms has accelerated the need to determine NP toxicity. Techniques for measuring the toxicity of NPs (nanotoxicology) in ecological receptors (nanoecotoxicology) are in their infancy, however, and establishing standardized ecotoxicity tests for NPs are presently limited by several factors. These factors include the extent of NP characterization necessary (or possible) before, during, and after toxicity tests such that toxic effects can be related to physicochemical characteristics of NPs; determining uptake and distribution of NPs within exposed organisms (does uptake occur or are effects exerted at organism surfaces?); and determining the appropriate types of controls to incorporate into ecotoxicity tests with NPs. In this review, the authors focus on the important elements of measuring the ecotoxicity of carbon NPs (CNPs) and make recommendations for ecotoxicology testing that should enable more rigorous interpretations of collected data and interlaboratory comparisons. This review is intended to serve as a next step toward developing standardized tests that can be incorporated into a regulatory framework for CNPs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.

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Section: Methods Of Cnp Analysis In Other Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Petersen

Henry

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

114

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“…For SWNTs, a highly sensitive and selective imaging microscopy technique is available based on NIRF microscopy [31]. This technique can detect single semiconductive SWNT particles in biological samples and has been used to examine the biodistribution of these CNMs in Drosophila melanogaster [32]. Extension of this technique to aquatic organisms and sediments should be straightforward and will provide a valuable tool for microspatial localization of SWNTs in solid environmental phases.…”

Section: Imaging Of Cnms In Sediments and Biotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, pp. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]2012 # 2011 SETAC Printed in the USA DOI: 10.1002/etc.723 This paper evolved from discussions held at a SETAC-endorsed Technical Workshop held at Clemson University in August, 2010. The workshop was sponsored by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Arcadis-US, and the Clemson University Institute of Environmental Toxicology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies

Kammer

Ferguson

Holden

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

407

241

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“…Recent work has also demonstrated that it is possible to achieve limited separation of exfoliated SWNTs according to (n,m) structure, 58,121,136 left-or right-handed chirality, 95 length, 137,138 and electronic character (i.e., metallic or semiconducting). [139][140][141][142][143][144][145] SWNT surfactants are classified in terms of their ionic character (i.e., anionic, cationic, or nonionic). Ionic surfactants have a positively or negatively charged head group that interacts with the solvent and a nonpolar tail that associates with the nanotube sidewall; SWNT aggregation is hindered by charge repulsion between the polar head groups that extend into the solvent.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2008

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are cylindrical graphitic molecules that have remained at the forefront of nanomaterials research since 1991, largely due to their exceptional and unusual mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The motivation for understanding how nanotubes interact with light (i.e., SWNT photophysics) is both fundamental and applied. Individual nanotubes may someday be used as superior near-infrared fluorophores, biological tags and sensors, and components for ultrahigh-speed optical communications systems. Establishing an understanding of basic nanotube photophysics is intrinsically significant and should enable the rapid development of such innovations. Unlike conventional molecules, carbon nanotubes are synthesized as heterogeneous samples, composed of molecules with different diameters, chiralities, and lengths. Because a nanotube can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on its particular molecular structure, SWNT samples are also mixtures of conductors and semiconductors. Early progress in understanding the optical characteristics of SWNTs was limited because nanotubes aggregate when synthesized, causing a mixing of the energy states of different nanotube structures. Recently, significant improvements in sample preparation have made it possible to isolate individual nanotubes, enabling many advances in characterizing their optical properties. In this Account, single-molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy were implemented to study the fluorescence from individual nanotubes. Single-molecule measurements naturally circumvent the difficulties associated with SWNT sample inhomogeneities. Intrinsic SWNT photoluminescence has a simple narrow Lorentzian line shape and a polarization dependence, as expected for a one-dimensional system. Although the local environment heavily influences the optical transition wavelength and intensity, single nanotubes are exceptionally photostable. In fact, they have the unique characteristic that their single molecule fluorescence intensity remains constant over time; SWNTs do not “blink” or photobleach under ambient conditions. In addition, transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited nanotubes and to elucidate the nature of the SWNT excited state. For metallic SWNTs, very fast initial recovery times (300–500 fs) corresponded to excited-state relaxation. For semiconducting SWNTs, an additional slower decay component was observed (50–100 ps) that corresponded to electron–hole recombination. As the excitation intensity was increased, multiple electron–hole pairs were generated in the SWNT; however, these e−h pairs annihilated each other completely in under 3 ps. Studying the dynamics of this annihilation process revealed the lifetimes for one, two, and three e−h pairs, which further confirmed that the photoexcitation of SWNTs produces not free electrons but rather one-dimensional bound electron–hole pairs (i.e., excitons). In summary, nanotube photophysics is a rapidly developing area o...

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Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Intact Organism: Near-IR Imaging and Biocompatibility Studies in Drosophila

Cited by 220 publications

References 20 publications

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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