Sink-to-Sink Coordination Framework Using RPL: Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks

Abstract

RPL (Routing Protocol for low power and Lossy networks) is recommended by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for IPv6-based LLNs (Low Power and Lossy Networks). RPL uses a proactive routing approach and each node always maintains an active path to the sink node. Sink-to-sink coordination defines syntax and semantics for the exchange of any network defined parameters among sink nodes like network size, traffic load, mobility of a sink, and so forth. The coordination allows sink to learn about the network condition of neighboring sinks. As a result, sinks can make coordinated decision to increase/decrease their network size for optimizing over all network performance in terms of load sharing, increasing network lifetime, and lowering end-to-end latency of communication. Currently, RPL does not provide any coordination framework that can define message exchange between different sink nodes for enhancing the network performance. In this paper, a sink-to-sink coordination framework is proposed which utilizes the periodic route maintenance messages issued by RPL to exchange network status observed at a sink with its neighboring sinks. The proposed framework distributes network load among sink nodes for achieving higher throughputs and longer network’s life time.

Routing Protocols for Mobile Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey on Challenges and Solutions

“…These nodes receive DIO messages from their own DODAG and neighboring DODAG. In RPL, because of the neighboring sink high rank or larger distance, these DIO messages from neighboring DODAG are not forwarded by the border nodes in their own DODAG [56]. This creates a lack of coordination among sinks.…”

“…The authors [56] proposed a Sink-to-Sink Coordination Framework (SSCF) in which multiple sinks are considered in the network. Therefore, a single DAG consists of multiple DODAG and each DODAG has a different sink ID that is included in the control messages.…”

RPL-Based Routing Protocols in IoT Applications: A Review

“…Studies that aim for load balancing have a significant impact on energy consumption, distributing load reduces congestion and leads to higher throughput but it also means that the energy consumption is distributed more efficiently among nodes, giving a better lifetime for the whole network. In a study on sink to sink coordination technique [54], The control messages of RPL are utilized to adjust the sub-network size relative to other sink nodes. Simulation results show an improvement in both throughput and energy distribution among nodes in the network, leading to an improved lifetime.…”

Performance assessment of static and dynamic routings using 6LoWPAN on small scenarios applied to monitoring of Barranquilla flash flood

“…In order to compare the performance, the present work is based on the TelosB platform [15], including TinyOS as embedded operative system and the Berkeley Low-Power IP stack (BLIP) [16] as 6LoWPAN network stack. Additional libraries for dynamic IPv6 routing like, IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) [17] and for energy saving purposes like, Low-Power Listening (LPL) [18] have been used. The results are more important in this work therefore the methodologies for the evaluation of 6LoWPAN performance with the established metrics, obtaining impacts important for the select routing type and the channel scan time for the energy saving with the LPL protocol.…”