Sinkhole monitoring and early warning: An experimental and successful GB-InSAR application

Intrieri, Emanuele; Gigli, Giovanni; Nocentini, Massimiliano; Lombardi, Luca; Mugnai, Francesco; Fidolini, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.04.018

Cited by 122 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Despite the fact that final stages of sinkhole formation in soft rocks is usually characterized by a rapid brittle type of global failure (Lollino and Andriani 2017), recent interferometric synthetic aperture radar (inSAR) measurements show that ground movements start to accumulate with time several months before the collapse (Chang and Hanssen 2014;Intrieri et al 2015;Jones and Blom 2014;Nof et al 2013). In the Marsala Panatletico 2011 sinkhole, signs of instability, such as open fractures and detachment blocks, were observed already 1 year prior to collapse (Fazio et al 2017).…”

Section: A Time-evolving Building Damage Index Bdi(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D Numerical Approach to Assess the Temporal Evolution of Settlement Damage to Buildings on Cavities Subject to Weathering

2018

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The goal of this paper is to show how a recently developed advanced chemo-hydro-mechanical (CHM)-coupled constitutive and numerical model for soft rocks can be applied to predict the temporal evolution of settlement damage to buildings on cavities subject to weathering. In particular, a Building Damage Index (BDI) and its evolution with time is proposed. The definition of the BDI is inspired by the work of Boscardin and Cording (J Geotech Eng 115:1-21, 1989) and uses the surface differential settlements obtained by finite element (FE) analyses to assess how far a building is from a non-acceptable service condition. By modelling the reactive transport of chemical species in 3D and using a coupled CHM constitutive and numerical model, it is possible to simulate weathering scenarios and monitor the temporal evolution of surface settlements making the BDI time dependent. This approach is applied to evaluate the damage evolution of two buildings lying on two anthropic caves in a calcarenite deposit belonging to the Calcarenite di Gravina Formation. Standard and advanced experimental tests are performed on the in situ material, and the results are used to calibrate the constitutive model. The soundness of both constitutive relationship and reactive transport solver is subsequently tested by simulating two laboratory-scale boundary value experiments. The first is a model footing test on dry and wet calcarenite, while the second is a small-scale pillar that, after the saturation-induced short-term water weakening, fails due to a long-term dissolution weathering process. Finally, both 2D and 3D coupled FE analyses simulating different weathering scenarios and corresponding settlements affecting the buildings above the considered cavities are presented. Particular attention is placed on assessing the BDI and its temporal evolution. Keywords

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Section: A Time-evolving Building Damage Index Bdi(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D Numerical Approach to Assess the Temporal Evolution of Settlement Damage to Buildings on Cavities Subject to Weathering

2018

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“…To prevent possible damage to the pipeline by-pass (here representing the CI) and because this slow-moving landslide did not reach high deformation rates, daily displacement thresholds were adopted (between 12 and 24 mm/day for the pre-alarm and >24 mm/day for the alarm level). Communication, which is a fundamental issue of every early warning system (Intrieri et al, 2015), was achieved through the dispatch of monitoring bulletins every 12 h and whenever the warning thresholds were exceeded. Remote 3D mapping The high-resolution point cloud and the variable laser return intensity values also allowed us to add information regarding the main geomorphologic features of the landslide.…”

Section: Monitoring Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-InSAR) technique has been widely used to monitor ground displacements in research on landslides (Tarchi et al, 2003;Herrera et al 2009;Barla et al 2010;Schulz et al 2012;Corsini et al 2013;Bardi et al 2014), volcanoes (Bozzano et al 2011;Nolesini et al, 2013;Di Traglia et al 2014) and sinkholes (Intrieri et al 2015). Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has become a widely applied technique for the detection and characterization of several types of mass movements as it allows the rapid collection of detailed and highly accurate 3D ground representations (Abellan et al 2006;Oppikofer et al 2008;Jaboyedoff et al 2009;Fanti et al 2012;Gigli et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Calatabiano landslide (southern Italy): preliminary GB-InSAR monitoring data and remote 3D mapping

et al. 2016

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On 24 October 2015, following a period of heavy rainfall, a landslide occurred in the Calatabiano Municipality (Sicily Island, Southern Italy), causing the rupture of a water pipeline supplying water to the city of Messina. Following this event, approximately 250,000 inhabitants of the city suffered critical water shortages for several days. Consequently, on 6 November 2015, a state of emergency was declared (O.C.D.P. 295/2015) by the National Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC). During the emergency management phase, a provisional by-pass, consisting of three 350-m long pipes passing through the landslide area, was constructed to restore water to the city. Furthermore, on 11 November 2015, a landslide remote-sensing monitoring system was installed with the following purposes: (i) analyse the landslide geomorphological and kinematic features in order to assess the residual landslide risk and (ii) support the early warning procedures needed to ensure the safety of the personnel involved in the by-pass construction and the landslide stabilization works. The monitoring system was based on the combined use of Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-InSAR) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). In this work, the preliminary results of the monitoring activities and a remote 3D map of the landslide area are presented

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“…However the detailed physical processes leading to the appearance of sinkholes remain still partly unknown despite several lab (Lei et al 2002, Jiang et al 2015, Sato & Kuwano 2015 or modelling (Tharp 1999(Tharp , 2002 studies, and as a consequence methodologies devoted to sinkhole appearance monitoring are still in their infancy: when water table decline is the dominant triggering factor, groundwater level monitoring can be setup (e.g., Lei et al 2002, Yao et al 2007); in case of other triggering factors, optical fibre monitoring in the overburden may be able to detect small deformation before the collapse occurrence (e.g., Lanticq et al 2009, Jiang et al 2006, Meng et al 2013); in addition, ground surface deformation radar monitoring (GB-InSAR) is presented by Intrieri et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Physical Processes Leading to Sinkhole Occurrence in Val d’Orléans (France)

Perrin

Pasquier

Gutiérrez

et al. 2017

EuroKarst 2016, Neuchâtel

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Sinkholes in Val d'Orléans occur regularly and can have significant socio-economic impacts. They are due to the presence of a karstified limestone under 5-15 m thick alluvial deposits. Intense karstification within the area is caused by infiltration of large amount of Loire River water in the karst aquifer through swallow holes. Two mechanisms for the formation of sinkholes are proposed: 1) suffosion of alluvial deposits towards the karstic conduits leading to the occurrence of a void at the base of the alluvium that will progressively enlarge up to reach the surface; 2) karst conduit ceiling breakdown as a consequence of conduit size evolution and/or hydrostatic pressure changes within the karst aquifer.In order to better understand the mechanisms leading to sinkhole occurrence, an experimental site comprising groundwater and surface deformation monitoring has been setup in an area known to be regularly impacted by new sinkholes. First results show similar groundwater level variations in the alluvial and karstic aquifers with however a small difference at the beginning of recession limbs when the alluvial aquifer shows higher water levels compared to the karstic aquifer. This situation may favour suffosion and/or sloughing. The comparison of water chemistry between Loire River and karst groundwater seems to indicate very active dissolution processes directly downgradient of the swallow holes and a potential rapid evolution of karst conduit sizes. Such an evolution can contribute to conduit ceiling breakdown resulting in collapse sinkholes.Obtained results bring new insights that will be useful for adequate sinkhole risk management (e.g., hazard mapping, surveillance methodology, etc.).

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Sinkhole monitoring and early warning: An experimental and successful GB-InSAR application

Cited by 122 publications

References 45 publications

A 3D Numerical Approach to Assess the Temporal Evolution of Settlement Damage to Buildings on Cavities Subject to Weathering

A 3D Numerical Approach to Assess the Temporal Evolution of Settlement Damage to Buildings on Cavities Subject to Weathering

The Calatabiano landslide (southern Italy): preliminary GB-InSAR monitoring data and remote 3D mapping

Investigating Physical Processes Leading to Sinkhole Occurrence in Val d’Orléans (France)

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