Sintered glass–ceramic from municipal solid waste incinerator ashes

Glass–ceramic seal to join Crofer 22 APU alloy to YSZ ceramic in planar SOFCs

“…The observed behaviour reported in literatures (e.g. 25,26 ), however, is generally the opposite to the results of this study, since higher heating rates are reported to overcome concurrent crystallization. 25,26 In our glass-ceramic system, the particle boundaries are not evident and pores approach spherical shape (Fig.…”

Leaching behavior of heavy metals from municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) fly ash used in concrete

“…At present, various methods of treating MSWI fly ash such as melting, solidification/stabilization (S/S), acid extraction, vitrification and sintering have been used to treat MSWI fly ash [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Among them, the most frequently applied approach to minimize the environmental impact of MSWI fly ash is the S/S technology that gives also the possibility of reusing the final materials [16][17][18].…”

Emission of Pb and PAHs from thermally co-treated MSWI fly ash and bottom ash process

“…The major methods of treating MSWI fly ash include melting, solidification/stabilization and sintering [4][5][6][7][8]. Solidification/stabilization often involves the addition of some additives to fix or encapsulate hazardous materials inside agglomerate.…”