Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Poliuretan dari Minyak Biji Karet dan Heksametilen-1,6-diisosianat

Nurman, Salfauqi; Marlina, Marlina; Saiful, Saiful; Saleha, Sitti

doi:10.23955/rkl.v10i4.3772

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Polyurethane membranes have many advantages, including minimal energy usage, not requiring additional chemical substances [5], and strong chemical resistance [6], making it viable in extreme pH conditions; additionally, the membrane is very easy to apply, practical, and straightforward [3]. The use of natural materials as raw materials for the manufacture of polyurethane membranes has been widely developed, such as the use of castor oil [7] and carrageenan [8], as well as many other materials that have been developed for the synthesis of polyurethane membranes. Previous studies have reported results on the synthesis of polyurethane membranes from various types of base materials used for various applications, such as a research report from Huang and Lai in 1995, which stated that membranes derived from hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with various polyols had been used for oxygen gas separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polyurethane membrane produced has an elongation percentage of 9%, a tensile strength of 340 kgf/mm 2 , a glass transition temperature of 243.6 • C, and a melting point of 423.02 • C. The polyurethane membrane has elastic, transparent, and strong properties, with a rejection factor of 45.9% and a flux value of 39.2 L/h.m 2 . The membrane was applied to the ultrafiltration process of 1000 ppm dextran solution [8]. Polyurethane membranes from natural materials have better performance when compared to membranes from commercial polyurethane materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa Greville) Based Polyurethane as Adsorptive Membrane for Ammonia Removal in Water

et al. 2022

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Polyurethane membranes are widely developed polymers by researchers because they can be made from synthetic materials or natural materials. Red seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa Greville) is a natural material that can be developed as a raw material for polyurethane membranes. This study used red seaweed biomass (RSB) as a raw material to manufacture polyurethane as an adsorptive membrane for removing ammonia in water. The membrane composition was determined using the Box–Behnken design from Response Surface Methodology with three factors and three levels. In the ammonia adsorption process, the adsorption isotherm was determined by varying the concentration, while the adsorption kinetics was determined by varying the contact time. Red seaweed biomass-based polyurethane membrane (PUM-RSB) can adsorb ammonia in water with an adsorption capacity of 0.233 mg/g and an adsorption efficiency of 16.2%. The adsorption efficiency followed the quadratic model in the Box–Behnken design, which resulted in the optimal composition of RSB 0.15 g, TDI 3.0 g, and glycerin 0.4 g with predicted and actual adsorption capacities of 0.224 mg/g and 0.226 mg/g. The ammonia adsorption isotherm using PUM-RSB follows the Freundlich isotherm, with a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.977, while the Langmuir isotherm has a low R2 value of 0.926. The Freundlich isotherm indicates that ammonia is adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent as multilayer adsorption. In addition, based on the analysis of adsorption kinetics, the adsorption phenomenon follows pseudo-order II with a chemisorption mechanism, and it is assumed that the bond that occurs is between the anion –SO42− with the NH4+ cation to form ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and between isocyanates (NCO) with NH4+ cations to form substituted urea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa Greville) Based Polyurethane as Adsorptive Membrane for Ammonia Removal in Water

et al. 2022

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“…This technology continues to develop due to its high selectivity properties [4][5] as well as its ability to be easily synthesized and applied [6][7]. One of the commonly developed membranes is polyurethane [8], which is a type of polymer membrane composed of urethane bonds [9] and formed from the reaction between compounds containing two or more reactive hydroxyl and isocyanate groups [10][11][12]. Polyurethane membranes can be synthesized using natural materials, such as carrageenan, which has strong and slightly elastic properties with a tensile strength of 340 kgf/mm 2 , at a 9% elongation percentage [13].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Polyurethane Membrane Physical Characteristics of Red Seaweed Biomass Using a Box-Behnken Design

et al. 2021

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The polyurethane membrane is used as a separator either by filtration or adsorption, and this process is significantly affected by its strength and physical condition. We synthesized polyurethane membranes using red seaweed with Gracilaria sp as a hydroxyl source. The Box-Behnken Design of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Software Design Expert Version 10.0.3.0 with three factors (TRL, TDI, and Glycerin). The F-value of 0.42 suggests that the membrane is less fit, while the P-value of 75.10% indicates that the quadratic design model is suitable for data analysis of physical characteristics. The optimal physical characteristics were obtained at a composition of 0.233 g TRL, 2.675 g TDI, and 0.254 g glycerin with a physical point of 6.5 (strong and elastic). Optimal polyurethane membrane has good thermal and mechanical properties at temperatures of Tg 58 °C, Tm 322 °C, and Td 534 °C, as well as stress and nominal strain values of 69.3 MPa and 5.74%. Polyurethane membrane synthesized from red seaweed has good physical properties. The result of this research is the basis for the development of polyurethane membrane applications from red seaweed.

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“…PUM can be synthesized by using various natural materials such as castor oil [ 9 ], rubber seed oil [ 10 ], avocado seed oil [ 11 ], nyamplung seed oil [ 12 ], and carrageenan [ 13 ]. The natural materials, which contain a large amount of hydroxy (-OH) groups, can form urethane bonds with a source of isocyanate (-NCO) [ 10 , 14 , 15 ]. Selected natural materials that contain many hydroxy groups are red seaweed [ 8 , 16 ] and isolated carrageenan from seaweed [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Polyurethane Membranes Derived from Red Seaweed Biomass for Ammonia Filtration

et al. 2021

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The development of membrane technology is rapidly increasing due to its numerous advantages, including its ease of use, chemical resistant properties, reduced energy consumption, and limited need for chemical additives. Polyurethane membranes (PUM) are a particular type of membrane filter, synthesized using natural organic materials containing hydroxy (-OH) groups, which can be used for water filtration, e.g., ammonia removal. Red seaweed (Rhodophyta) has specific molecules which could be used for PUM. This study aimed to ascertain PUM synthesis from red seaweed biomass (PUM-RSB) by using toluene diisocyanate via the phase inversion method. Red seaweed biomass with a particle size of 777.3 nm was used as starting material containing abundant hydroxy groups visible in the FTIR spectrum. The PUM-RSB produced was elastic, dry, and sturdy. Thermal analysis of the membrane showed that the initial high degradation temperature was 290.71 °C, while the residue from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis was 4.88%. The PUM-RSB section indicates the presence of cavities on the inside. The mechanical properties of the PUM-RSB have a stress value of 53.43 MPa and a nominal strain of 2.85%. In order to optimize the PUM-RSB synthesis, a Box–Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology was conducted and showed the value of RSB 0.176 g, TDI 3.000 g, and glycerin 0.200 g, resulting from the theoretical and experimental rejection factor, i.e., 31.3% and 23.9%, respectively.

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Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Poliuretan dari Minyak Biji Karet dan Heksametilen-1,6-diisosianat

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Red Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa Greville) Based Polyurethane as Adsorptive Membrane for Ammonia Removal in Water

Red Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa Greville) Based Polyurethane as Adsorptive Membrane for Ammonia Removal in Water

Optimization of Polyurethane Membrane Physical Characteristics of Red Seaweed Biomass Using a Box-Behnken Design

Synthesis of Polyurethane Membranes Derived from Red Seaweed Biomass for Ammonia Filtration

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