Síntomas depresivos y distrés laboral en trabajadores chilenos: condiciones diferenciales para hombres y mujeres

Abstract

This article assessed depressive symptoms associated with work-related psychosocial risk factors according to gender in Chile, using the demand-control model (Karasek) and effort-reward imbalance (Siegrist). A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 3,010 workers (35% female and 65% male) from the country. Data analysis determined prevalence and associations through various statistical techniques (χ2, logistic regression). Exposure to psychosocial risk factors at work and prevalence of depressive symptoms were higher in women than men (15% vs. 5%). The adjusted analysis highlighted that female workers exposed to Isostrain (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.42-3.85) and low rewards (OR = 2.13; 95%CI: 1.41-3.21) and male workers exposed to psychological demands (OR = 3.04; 95%CI: 1.94-4.76) and effort-reward imbalance (OR = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.39-3.46) had increased risk of depressive symptoms. Exposure to work-related psychosocial risk factors was associated with depressive symptoms in Chilean workers. Effective prevention in key aspects of work organization is thus needed.

Associação entre estresse, riscos psicossociais e qualidade do emprego de trabalhadores assalariados chilenos: uma perspectiva de gênero

“…En dicho estudio de validación se sugiere hacer análisis diferenciados, considerando la dimensión de género, especialmente en los estudios de sa lud ocupacional, y en particular, cuando se están analizando riesgos del trabajo que se distribuyen desigualmente entre hombres y mujeres 37 . Otro estudio, realizado con la misma muestra, analizó la asociación entre riesgo psicosocial y sintomatología depresiva, mostrando que las mujeres expuestas a isostrain y bajas recompensas tienen una probabilidad cercana a dos y media veces de presentar sintomatología depre siva al compararlas con las no expuestas 11 .…”

“…Estos procesos han afectado diferencialmente a mujeres y hombres 11 . Si bien la salud de la población trabajadora se relaciona directamente con sus condiciones de empleo y trabajo, los riesgos que de ellas provienen no son iguales para todos/as los/as trabajadores/as ni se distribuyen al azar, sino que están determinadas por dimensiones de carácter estructural, siendo las desigualdades de género una de las más influyentes 4 .…”

Demandas Psicológicas, Controle E Apoio Social No Trabalho De Agentes Comunitários De Saúde

“…Os autores ressaltam que esses dados têm sido corroborados por pesquisas internacionais em que os sintomas depressivos são evidenciados com prevalência significativamente mais elevada em mulheres do que em homens. (28) Os transtornos mentais e comportamentais não parecem diferir entre os sexos, no entanto, segundo a OMS os transtornos depressivos representam o terceiro problema de saúde entre as mulheres nos países desenvolvidos e o quinto nos países subdesenvolvidos. Destaca-se, portanto, a prevalência dos transtornos de ansiedade e depressão no sexo feminino e também fatores psicológicos e sociais que podem interferir de forma significativa na saúde.…”

Peruvian pharmacist employment and wage: gender, university and type of job influences

“…Findings if this research show that women pharmacists would have a higher probability of being unemployed besides being limited to only one type work. This may be due to the lower willingness for accepting positions with long working hours, the reduced willingness to travel and relocate [29] due to domestic activities carried out at home [30,31], and the pressure from their families to prioritize this domestic role instead of paid workers role [32]. Women cannot be substituted when they are absent from the house [33], so more women than men would be looking for part time work during their childrearing years [34].…”