Sinus Microbiota in Patients With Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by Th2-skewed inflammation and increased colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. CRSwNP can be distinguished as eosinophilic (ECRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic (NECRSwNP) by the infiltration of eosinophils. The local microbiota plays an important role in the persistent inflammation of CRSwNP. To evaluate the bacterial community composition on the distinct types of CRSwNP patients, we collected nasal swabs from 16 ECRSwNP patients, 18 NECRSwNP patients, and 39 healthy control subjects. The microbiome structure for all the samples were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Concentration of S. aureus was determined using TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the nuclease (nuc) gene. The result showed significant differences in the sinus microbiome among healthy control subjects and CRSwNP patients. Microbiota community diversity was significantly lower in NECRSwNP samples compared to that of healthy control subjects. Interestingly, the abundance of several pathogenic bacteria was diverse between ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP patients. Although Staphylococcus prevailed in all groups, the abundance of Staphylococcus was significantly higher in the healthy control group than the ECRSwNP group. More importantly, the abundance of S. aureus was much higher in NECRSwNP patients. This study highlights that microbiota composition may contribute to the different clinical types of CRSwNP, inspiring new therapeutic strategies to resolve this chronic inflammation process.

Clinical and Laboratory Features of Various Criteria of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…H T S [25,34,35,38,39,41,[43][44][45][46][47]50,51,61]. The risk of bias (methodological quality) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.…”

Immunological mechanisms and treatable traits of chronic rhinosinusitis in Asia: A narrative review

“…Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed an association between dysbiosis of microbial composition, but not the colonisation of specific bacteria in CRS 45 . However, due to the highly diverse and variable sinonasal microbiota between individuals, the microbiota results show great heterogeneity across studies 24,46 . Whether the dysbiosis of nasal microbiota is a treatable trait that requires further investigation.…”

The Changes in Bacterial Microbiome Associated with Immune Disorder in Allergic Respiratory Disease

“…Many researchers have pointed out that upper airway microbiota dysbiosis seriously affects the health [ 2 , 3 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Published reports confirm the presence of bacterial disorder in the upper respiratory tract of patients with AR, CRS, and asthma ( Figures S1A and S2 ).…”

“…Prevotella is a representative of this trend in the phylum Bacteroidetes [ 1 , 2 , 20 , 21 , 31 , 32 , 39 , 41 ], while complex changes have also been found in genera of the phylum Firmicutes. Levels of Staphylococcus rise in both CRS and asthma patients [ 20 , 21 , 27 , 39 , 44 ], though the prevalence of this genus decreases in the upper airway of AR patients [ 17 ] and the levels of Staphylococcus aureus increase [ 19 , 25 , 29 , 32 , 38 , 47 ]. Furthermore, the prevalence of Streptococcus in the upper respiratory tract is higher in both CRS and asthma patients [ 28 , 29 , 36 , 43 ], while levels of Butyrivibro decline in AR and asthma patients [ 34 ].…”