Siona hunting techniques for the larger aquatic vertebrates in Amazonian Ecuador

Timm, Robert M.; Albuja, V Luis; Clauson, Barbara L.

doi:10.1080/01650528909360768

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…According to [14] the Siona Indians practised a self-imposed ban on manatee hunting in 1984 because of low manatee populations. But in 1996 four manatees were reportedly killed by the Siona Indians (Sionas pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the entire Amazon basin, Grimwood in 1968 already mentions that the Amazonian Manatee is considered "nearer extinction than perhaps any other mammal of the Amazon region". Timm [14] estimated that if the current level of harvest goes on unabated, Amazonian manatees would be extinct in Ecuador within 10 -15 years. However, our study carried out 16 years later, shows that few animals remain in the Cuyabeno River, numbers in the Lagartococha river seem to be critically low and manatees have disappeared from the Iripari Lagoon about five years before our survey started.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estado del manatí del Amazonas <em>(Trichechus inunguis)</em> en la Reserva Cuyabeno, Ecuador

Denkinger

2010

Av. Cienc. Ing. (Quito)

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Amazonian manatees live in black water rivers and lakes in the Amazon basin. A study of Amazonian manatees in the Cuyabeno Reserve conducted by Timm et al. [1] in 1983 gave first information on distribution of manatees in the Cuyabeno Reserve and they suggested a possible extinction of the Amazonian Manatee in the following decade. Here I present results of observations, and interviews, realized 13 years after the first study as complementary observations during a research project on Amazon River dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from 1996 to 1999. We surveyed during more than 127 days covering about 6.175km in manatee habitat with more than 456 hours continuously observing black water rivers and lagoons and we carried out manatee surveys paddling in the Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno. Interviews with tour guides, park rangers and native Indians give a complete sighting list for the presence of manatees and insight into the current situation in the Reserve. The relative abundance of manatees in the Cuyabeno River is 0.01 animals/h effort and even less in the Lagartococha River with 0.007 animals/h effort. Populations in the Lagartococha River seem to be severely reduced. Hunting in both rivers continued despite legal protection with 16 manatees killed from 1995 to 1998. Overall 40 to 49 animals were seen in the Cuyabeno Reserve from 1996 to 1998. Even though, predictions that manatees would be extinct by 1993 were not fulfilled, they are rare in the Reserve and living in a protected area does not necessarily safeguard this species.Keywords. Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis, status, Cuyabeno Reserve, Ecuador. ResumenLos manatíes amazónicos viven en ríos de aguas negras y lagunas de la Cuenca Amazónica. La primera información sobre la distribución y el estado de conservación de manatíes en la Reserva Cuyabeno proviene de un estudio realizado en 1983 por Timm y otros [1]. Ellos concluyeron que el manatí se puede extinguir en la próxima década. En este artículo se presenta los resultados de observaciones y entrevistas realizados desde 1996 a 1999, trece años después. Durante 127 días de monitoreo del Delfín Amazónico (Inia geoffrensis) en el hãbitat del manatí a lo largo de ríos y lagunas de agua negra, se observó durante 456 horas. Adicionalmente se realizaron monitoreos dirigidos a manatíes en las Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno. Entrevistas con guías de turismo, guardaparques e indígenas dan una lista completa de avistamientos de manatíes, su distribución y la situación de conservación. La abundancia relativa estimada en el Río Cuyabeno es de 0,01 animales/hora de esfuerzo y aũn menor en el río Lagartococha con 0,007 animales/ hora de esfuerzo. Las poblaciones en el rio Lagartococha parecen severamente reducidas. En ambos ríos la caza entre 1995 y 1998 continuó. A pesar de la protección legal se mataron al menos 16 animales dentro de la Reserva Cuyabeno, por ende el hecho de vivir en una ãrea protegida no necesariamente significa la sobrevivencia de la especie.Palabras Clave. Manatí amazónico, Trichechus inungui...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estado del manatí del Amazonas <em>(Trichechus inunguis)</em> en la Reserva Cuyabeno, Ecuador

Denkinger

2010

Av. Cienc. Ing. (Quito)

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“…Throughout coastal locations in the Americas there are numerous examples of stone and bone or ivory points with large rear-facing barbs used as harpoons to hunt sea mammals and fish (Mason 1902). Relatedly, long (130 mm) metal harpoon heads were made by the Siona of Amazonian Ecuador for hunting manatee, large freshwater fish, and caiman (Timm et al 1989:2, Figure 1).…”

Section: Barbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Function of Lowe and Sawmill Points from the Preceramic Period of Belize

Stemp¹,

Awe²,

Prufer³

et al. 2016

Latin Am. antiq.

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To date, 81 stemmed and barbed preceramic (Archaic) points (8000–900 B.C.) have been identified in Belize. Fifty-four are Lowe points; 21 are Sawmill points. Four more are provisionally classified as Allspice and two as Ya’axche’ points. These stemmed bifaces are frequently beveled on alternate-opposite edges and demonstrate variable degrees of resharpening and reworking, which affects blade shape and tool size. Numerous functions have been attributed to these artifacts; specifically, they have been called spear points, dart points, harpoons, and knives. Metric data from these bifaces, limited macrowear and microwear analyses, and design features, such as barbs and alternate-opposite edge beveling, have been used to interpret likely tool functions. Results suggest that Lowe points were affixed to throwing/thrusting spears and also served as knives, whereas the Sawmill points were used as spear-thrower dart points and as knives. New dating information suggests that alternate-opposite edge beveling and consequently beveled bifaces may be much older than 2500–1900 B.C., which is the date currently assigned to these specimens.

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Discovery of a Parasitoid and a Predator of Bat Flies (Diptera: Streblidae) at La Selva, Costa Rica¹

Shockley

Murray

2006

Biotropica

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While netting bats to collect streblid bat flies at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, two different natural enemies of streblids were found attacking the bat flies on two species of bats. One was identified as a parasitoid in the hymenopteran family, Braconidae, while the other was a predaceous plant bug in the hemipteran family, Miridae. This is the first description of a natural enemy of streblids being collected in situ (i.e., actively foraging through the hair of the streblid bat host). RESUMENDurante la captura con red de murciélagos para collectar moscas de la familia Streblidae del orden Diptera en la estación biológica La Selva, Costa Rica, se encontró dos enemigos naturales atacando las moscas Streblidae en dos especies de murciélagos. Uno fue identificado como un parásito de la familia Braconidae del orden Hymenoptera y el otro un insecto de la familia Miridae del orden Hemiptera que es un depredador de plantas. Este es la primera descripción de un enemigo natural de las moscas Streblidae collectado in situ (i.e., forrajeando activamente en el pelo del murciélago huesped de las moscas Streblidae).

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Siona hunting techniques for the larger aquatic vertebrates in Amazonian Ecuador

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Estado del manatí del Amazonas <em>(Trichechus inunguis)</em> en la Reserva Cuyabeno, Ecuador

Estado del manatí del Amazonas <em>(Trichechus inunguis)</em> en la Reserva Cuyabeno, Ecuador

Design and Function of Lowe and Sawmill Points from the Preceramic Period of Belize

Discovery of a Parasitoid and a Predator of Bat Flies (Diptera: Streblidae) at La Selva, Costa Rica¹

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Siona hunting techniques for the larger aquatic vertebrates in Amazonian Ecuador

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Estado del manatí del Amazonas <em>(Trichechus inunguis)</em> en la Reserva Cuyabeno, Ecuador

Estado del manatí del Amazonas <em>(Trichechus inunguis)</em> en la Reserva Cuyabeno, Ecuador

Design and Function of Lowe and Sawmill Points from the Preceramic Period of Belize

Discovery of a Parasitoid and a Predator of Bat Flies (Diptera: Streblidae) at La Selva, Costa Rica1

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Discovery of a Parasitoid and a Predator of Bat Flies (Diptera: Streblidae) at La Selva, Costa Rica¹