Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) autologous vaccine approved for treatment of men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer

Cancer immunotherapy: a brief review of the history, possibilities, and challenges ahead

“…Dendritic cells from the patient are exposed to prostatic acid phosphatase and granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and reinfused into the patient. Treatment results in a 4-month increase in median survival [43] . Sipuleucel-T is a dendritic cell vaccine, while other types of vaccines employ killed tumor cells or selected tumor antigens, and various vaccines may use microorganisms as vectors for delivery.…”

“…Old, R. Schreiber, et al [132] 2005 Memory T-cells in colorectal tumors shown to predict clinical outcome, reported by F. Pagès, A. Berger, M. Camus et al [133] 2010 First autologous cell-based cancer vaccine (sipuleucel-T) is approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic, asymptomatic stage IV prostate cancer [43,134] 2010 First successful use of gene-edited T-cells for the treatment of CD19+ hematologic malignancies in humans, reported by W. Qasim, H. Zhan, S. Samarasinghe et al [135] 2011 Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), is the first inhibitory checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approved by the FDA for treatment of stage IV melanoma [136] 2012 Discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a simpler and more efficient method of genome editing, reported byJ.A. Doudna & E. Charpentier, with M. Jinek, K. Chylinski, I. Fonfara, & M. Hauer [49] 2013 [50] 2016 A second class of ICIs, anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab), is approved for the treatment of melanoma [137] 2016 First characterization of the role of dendritic cell CTLA-4 in Th-1 immunity, reported by M. Halpert, V.Konduri, D. Liang et al [138] 2016 A third class of ICIs, PD-L1(atezolizumab), is approved for treatment of bladder cancer [139] 2016 First test in humans of CRISPR gene-editing technique for CAR T-cell therapy [51] 2017 Phase I/IIa study of an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), a non-membrane-attached enzyme with a checkpoint inhibitor function, shows promise [95] Not all of the events listed are discussed in the text, but all are referenced to the pertinent literature classically considered to be comprised of the innate and adaptive arms, although this is a simplification since these arms have overlapping functions and are intimately related.…”

Biological determinants of health disparities in prostate cancer

“…The observed difference in the tumor immunobiology of prostate cancer between African-American and European-American patients may also have implications for cancer therapy. Clinical trials of immunotherapy for prostate cancer have been conducted and the Sipuleucel-T (PROVENGE®) autologous vaccine has been approved for treatment of patients with castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer [45]. The data presented in this review suggest that African-American and European-American patients might respond differently to these types of therapy.…”

Multicomponent mannose-containing liposomes efficiently deliver RNA in murine immature dendritic cells and provide productive anti-tumour response in murine melanoma model

“…Immune cells, namely dendritic cells (DCs), capture, process and present tumour-associated antigens (TAA) to T cells, thereby triggering and controlling anti-tumour immune responses, are becoming key players of immunotherapy [1]. The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved the first vaccine Sipuleucel-T (Provenge; Dendreon, Inc.) on the base of DCs loaded ex vivo with a fusion protein PAP-GMCSF for prostate cancer treatment [2], thus promoting further research and providing hope for the emergence of novel anti-tumour agents on the basis of DCs. However, despite some success in the application of DC-based anticancer vaccines, notable clinical responses were only observed in a few studies (see reviews [3][4][5]).…”