Sir John Eccles, 1903-1997: Part 1. Onto the Demonstration of the Chemical Nature of Transmission in the CNS

Ag, Karczmar

doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0007

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Altogether, MRs seem to be omnipresent along the cholinergic pathways and as ubiquitous as the latter; it is interesting that the same appears to be true for the nicotinic receptors; in fact, in many cases, both kinds of receptors may be present at the same neurons; their density may be similar, or one or another of the receptors may predominate; for example, in the case of the Renshaw cell, where Eccles' notable research (see above) concerned the nicotinic postsynaptic receptors, MRs are also present, although in small amounts (see above, and Karczmar, 2001a and. This makes the analysis as to the nicotinic or muscarinic nature of functions and behaviors difficult; it is of course even more difficult to assign the receptor basis for a function or behavior with respect to either of the five MR subtypes, or either of the nicotinic receptor subtypes that are more numerous than the MR subtypes.…”

Section: Cholinergic Pathways and The Central Distribution Of Muscarimentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Popper, an Austrian born philosopher transplanted to UK, visited Eccles during the latter's stay as Professor of Physiology in Dunedin, New Zealand, and stressed to Eccles the necessity for a scientist of flexibility (see Robinson, 2001 andBacq, 1975). However, there is evidence (see Karczmar, 2001 a andKarczmar 2007; also, Eccles' personal comments to A. G. Karczmar, circa 1990) that, prosaically, Eccles' conversion was due to the demonstration by his friend Steve Kuffler, who was Eccles' associate in Canberra, Australia, of cholinergic transmission at the neuromyal junction; as well as the influence of his friends, including Alexander Forbes, who was, like Eccles, Sherrington's student (see Karczmar, 2001a). Next, following his personal contacts with B. Renshaw (see Karczmar, 2007), Eccles found a favorable, appropriate site where he could prove or disprove the transmittive CNS as he realized that, if the motor terminal at the skeletal muscle releases ACh, then the motor collateral to the Renshaw interneuron must also release ACh, by virtue of Dale's principle (vide supra).…”

Section: Eccles's Demonstration Of Central Chemical Cholinergic Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

<b>Story of Muscarinic Receptors, Alkaloids with Muscarinic Significance and of Muscarinic Functions and Behaviors</b>

Karczmar

2009

Annu Rev Biomed Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review of the studies of the muscarinic receptors, their synaptic activities and their functional and behavioral roles will begin with the history of the research of the autonomic and central nervous systems and their transmitters, the development of the notion of the receptor, and the tale of the significance of muscarine and other alkaloids as well as of organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases for these studies; we will then segue into the modern status of muscarinic receptors and of their functional and behavioral expression.

show abstract

Section: Cholinergic Pathways and The Central Distribution Of Muscarimentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Eccles's Demonstration Of Central Chemical Cholinergic Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Story of Muscarinic Receptors, Alkaloids with Muscarinic Significance and of Muscarinic Functions and Behaviors</b>

Karczmar

2009

Annu Rev Biomed Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…39 Fillenz 2000; see also Fillenz 2012. 40 Todman 2008; see also Karczmar 2001. 41 Borck 2017 The 'crucial experiment' is more realistically cast as the culmination of a series of carefully planned trials started in the spring of 1951.…”

Section: Conversion and The Creation Of Authoritymentioning

confidence: 99%

John C. Eccles’ Conversion and the Meaning of ‘Authority’

Sio¹,

Hansson²,

Koppitz³

2019

Attributing Excellence in Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…At Oxford, he was a student of Sherrington and worked as his last collaborator until he returned to Australia in 1937. Their studies included work on the "central excitatory and inhibitory states," the last experiments in which Sherrington participated (4,23,83).…”

Section: Eccles and The Mechanism Of Synaptic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eccles suggested that they should bioassay their tennis socks; apparently, they did so with a positive result. The chemical side did not lack captiousness, however, as illustrated by Dale's remark that "it was unreasonable to suppose that nature would provide for the liberation in the ganglion of acetylcholine…for the sole purpose of fooling physiologists" (10,83,108).…”

Section: Eccles and The Mechanism Of Synaptic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain on Itself

Langmoen

Apuzzo

2007

Neurosurgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been given in recognition of work in the neurosciences a number of times. Laureates have been awarded for work on both fundamental and more complex nervous system functions. This review is restricted to contributions by 20th century laureates to the understanding of fundamental nervous system function on the cellular level. In 1906, Camillo Golgi and Ramón y Cajal were awarded for their work on the microscopic structure of the nervous system. Their achievement and those of others within this field, coupled with technological progress, gradually allowed more complex physiological studies. In 1932, the prize was awarded to Charles Sherrington and Edgar Adrian for their discoveries of how neurons function. They were followed in 1944 by Herbert Gasser and Joseph Erlanger who uncovered the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibers. Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley were awarded for the detection of the ionic mechanism of the action potential and its mathematical explanation in 1963. In 1991, Erwin Neher and Bernd Sakmann were awarded for their work on single ion channels. Although the scientists who proved the hypothesis (Fridjof Nansen, Wilhelm His, and August Forel) were never awarded by the Nobel Committee, their studies gave rise to one of the most fundamental questions in 20th century neuroscience: How is information carried from one neuron to another or to an effector cell? This was first solved in the vegetative nervous system, and, in 1936, Henry Dale and Otto Loewi received the prize for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses. In 1963, John Eccles was awarded the prize for his work on the physiology of synapses. In 1970, Bernhard Katz received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of quantal release. Katz shared the prize with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler, who were central in finding that transmitters are stored in presynaptic vesicles and that the effect in many synapses is terminated by reuptake. This review does not include 21st century laureates, although the prize has already been given to neuroscientists twice this century; Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, and Eric Kandel received the award in 2000 for their discoveries related to signal transduction, and Richard Axel and Linda Buck received the award in 2004 for their work in the field of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system.

show abstract

Sir John Eccles, 1903-1997: Part 1. Onto the Demonstration of the Chemical Nature of Transmission in the CNS

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

<b>Story of Muscarinic Receptors, Alkaloids with Muscarinic Significance and of Muscarinic Functions and Behaviors</b>

<b>Story of Muscarinic Receptors, Alkaloids with Muscarinic Significance and of Muscarinic Functions and Behaviors</b>

John C. Eccles’ Conversion and the Meaning of ‘Authority’

The Brain on Itself

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About