Sistem Lapisan Sosial Dan Sistem Keagamaan Megalitik-Hindu Kuno Di Lima Wilayah Kecamatan Di Kabupaten Kebumen

Abstract

<p><em>The existence of a number of ancient Megalithic and Hindu artifacts in five districts in Kebumen Regency is still lacking in assessment, especially from a sociological perspective. Its existence is dominated by a number of narratives that are mythological rather than historical and sociological. The research method used in this study is qualitative with an exploratory and descriptive approach. This study was analyzed using Structural Functional Theory. The research results show that the ancient Kebumen area is home to several layers of older people who lived in the Megalithic era marked by the presence of a number of terraces and andesite stone structures. The next layer of society is the ancient Hindu era of Shiva worshipers, which is marked by the presence of a number of Lingga and Yoni and Ganesha. Although minus documentary data regarding the existence of people who left behind the legacy of ancient Megalithic and Hinduism, but through the analysis of material social facts the existence of artifacts and analysis of religious symbols, a number of initial conclusions were formed which became the basis for subsequent sociological research. Based on available data it can be concluded that various ancient socio-religious layers have contributed to shaping the socio-cultural life of the Kebumen community today.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>Megalithic</em><em>;</em><em> Hinduism</em><em>;</em><em> Shivaism</em><em>;</em><em> Social Layer</em><em>;</em><em> Religious Systems</em><em>;</em><em> Social Facts</em><em>;</em><em> Social Stratification</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>G</em><em>emeinschaft</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>G</em><em>eselsch</em><em>a</em><em>ft</em><em>.</em><strong></strong></p><h2> </h2><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Keberadaan sejumlah sebaran artefak Megalitik dan Hindu kuno di lima kecamatan di Kabupeten Kebumen masih minim pengkajian khususnya dari perspektif sosiologis. Keberadaannya lebih didominasi oleh sejumlah narasi yang bersifat mitologis tinimbang historis dan sosiologis.. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksplorasi dan deskriptif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori Fungsional Struktural. Hasil riset menujukkan bahwa wilayah Kebumen kuno merupakan tempat tinggal beberapa lapisan masyarakat lebih tua yang hidup di era Megalitik yang ditandai dengan keberadaan sejumlah punden berundak dan struktur batu andesit. Lapisan masyarakat berikutnya adalah masyarakat era Hindu kuno pemuja Siwa yang ditandai dengan keberadaan sejumlah Lingga dan Yoni serta Ganesha. Sekalipun minus data dokumenter mengenai keberadaan masyarakat yang meninggalkan warisan Megalitik dan Hindu kuno, namun melalui analisis fakta sosial material keberadaan artefak dan analisis simbol-simbol keagamaan, didapatkan sejumlah kesimpulan awal yang menjadi landasan bagi penelitian sosiologis berikutnya. Berdasarkan data yang ada dapat disimpulkan bahwa berbagai lapisan sosial keagamaan kuno telah berkontribusi membentuk kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat Kebumen masa kini. </p><p><strong>Kata kunci : </strong>Megalitik, Hinduisme, Siwaisme, Lapisan Sosial, Sistem Keagamaan, Fakta Sosial, Stratifikasi Sosial, Paguyuban, Patembayan.</p>

Distribution, petrographic analysis, and preliminary source identification of Hindu-Buddhist artifacts in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark and surrounding areas, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia

“…The ancient Kebumen area was home to several older stratum of societies that lived in the Megalithic era, marked by the stepped pyramid and andesite structures [1]. In addition, the existence of the Ancient Kebumen area was closer to the influence and territory of Medang or Ancient Mataram Kingdom (1016-732 AD) and the Pasir Luhur or Ancient Galuh Kingdoms (1482-1475 DC) [1,2].…”

“…The ancient Kebumen area was home to several older stratum of societies that lived in the Megalithic era, marked by the stepped pyramid and andesite structures [1]. In addition, the existence of the Ancient Kebumen area was closer to the influence and territory of Medang or Ancient Mataram Kingdom (1016-732 AD) and the Pasir Luhur or Ancient Galuh Kingdoms (1482-1475 DC) [1,2]. The artifacts and analysis of religious symbols provide information that various socio-religious stratum have contributed to the socio-cultural life of the present-day Kebumen society [1].…”

“…The Kebumen and Karangbolong area artifacts were made of IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012011 2 volcanic materials such as andesite and tuffaceous sandstone. The materials were selected based on their physical condition, which can be sculpted, compact, robust, and easily found in their living area [1]. Research on the source of the material was carried out based on the petrographic character approach to understand the origin of the artifacts.…”