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<p><em>The existence of a number of ancient Megalithic and Hindu artifacts in five districts in Kebumen Regency is still lacking in assessment, especially from a sociological perspective. Its existence is dominated by a number of narratives that are mythological rather than historical and sociological. The research method used in this study is qualitative with an exploratory and descriptive approach. This study was analyzed using Structural Functional Theory. The research results show that the ancient Kebumen area is home to several layers of older people who lived in the Megalithic era marked by the presence of a number of terraces and andesite stone structures. The next layer of society is the ancient Hindu era of Shiva worshipers, which is marked by the presence of a number of Lingga and Yoni and Ganesha. Although minus documentary data regarding the existence of people who left behind the legacy of ancient Megalithic and Hinduism, but through the analysis of material social facts the existence of artifacts and analysis of religious symbols, a number of initial conclusions were formed which became the basis for subsequent sociological research. Based on available data it can be concluded that various ancient socio-religious layers have contributed to shaping the socio-cultural life of the Kebumen community today.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>Megalithic</em><em>;</em><em> Hinduism</em><em>;</em><em> Shivaism</em><em>;</em><em> Social Layer</em><em>;</em><em> Religious Systems</em><em>;</em><em> Social Facts</em><em>;</em><em> Social Stratification</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>G</em><em>emeinschaft</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>G</em><em>eselsch</em><em>a</em><em>ft</em><em>.</em><strong></strong></p><h2> </h2><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Keberadaan sejumlah sebaran artefak Megalitik dan Hindu kuno di lima kecamatan di Kabupeten Kebumen masih minim pengkajian khususnya dari perspektif sosiologis. Keberadaannya lebih didominasi oleh sejumlah narasi yang bersifat mitologis tinimbang historis dan sosiologis.. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksplorasi dan deskriptif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori Fungsional Struktural. Hasil riset menujukkan bahwa wilayah Kebumen kuno merupakan tempat tinggal beberapa lapisan masyarakat lebih tua yang hidup di era Megalitik yang ditandai dengan keberadaan sejumlah punden berundak dan struktur batu andesit. Lapisan masyarakat berikutnya adalah masyarakat era Hindu kuno pemuja Siwa yang ditandai dengan keberadaan sejumlah Lingga dan Yoni serta Ganesha. Sekalipun minus data dokumenter mengenai keberadaan masyarakat yang meninggalkan warisan Megalitik dan Hindu kuno, namun melalui analisis fakta sosial material keberadaan artefak dan analisis simbol-simbol keagamaan, didapatkan sejumlah kesimpulan awal yang menjadi landasan bagi penelitian sosiologis berikutnya. Berdasarkan data yang ada dapat disimpulkan bahwa berbagai lapisan sosial keagamaan kuno telah berkontribusi membentuk kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat Kebumen masa kini.   </p><p><strong>Kata kunci : </strong>Megalitik, Hinduisme, Siwaisme, Lapisan Sosial, Sistem Keagamaan, Fakta Sosial, Stratifikasi Sosial, Paguyuban, Patembayan.</p>

Karangbolong High located in Java Southern Mountain range is dominated by volcanic rocks of Gabon Formation in the form of volcanic breccia, some intrusion bodies and lavas. Research on the type of magma at Karangbolong high has never been done. This activity is intended to know the distribution, change the type of magma and tectonic position.This research includes field sampling and laboratory work which includes petrographic analysis using polarization microscope and geochemistry analysis 4 litho ICP-WRA for major element and ICP-WRA4B2 for trace elements and REE. Results of geochemistry analysis are.plot in Total Alkali Silica (TAS) diagrams, AFM diagram , SiO2 vs FeO(t) / MgO diagram, SiO2 Vs K2O and the spider diagram.for trace elements and REE.Most of the igneous rocks at Karangbolong Region are andesite pyroxene, basaltic andesite and slightly basalt olivine. To the northward, igneous rocks are tend to more acid as reflected by the increase of SiO2, Na2O and K2O and the decreasing of MgO and Fe2O3 content. The affinity of the magma in the northern part is mostly Calc-Alkaline series (KR-18, KR-28, KR-6, KR-23) and slightly Island Arc Tholeiite as intrusion and lava at southern part (KR-33 and KR- 17). The tectonic position of rock formation resides in Island Arc Plate Margin. The Calk-alkaline magma is enriched with the light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to the Tholeiite magma, while trace element Sr, K, Rb, Ba, and Th strongly enriched in.Keywords : Karangbolong High, igneous rock, magmatic type, tectonic position

Hindu-Buddhist artifacts (e.g., linga, yoni, statues, and craft objects such as pottery) were discovered in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark (KKNG) and surrounding areas, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. The information related to the distribution, composition, and source of the Hindu-Buddhist artifacts is essential to support the development and management of the KKNG, particularly on the relation of lithology units with cultural diversity. A geological field survey was conducted to produce a distribution map of the artifacts, then overlaid with the geological map of Banyumas and Kebumen sheets scale of 1:100,000. Totally of 10 Hindu-Buddhist artifacts were distributed in the research area, grouped into 3 areas, namely Karangbolong Hills, Kebumen, and southern Kebumen areas. Furthermore, 10 samples of artifacts were collected and petrographically analyzed to acquire their compositions and to determine their source identification. Based on their distribution and petrographical analyses, the artifacts were made of andesite (linga of Tugu, linga, and yoni of Sumberadi, tomb of Trasidi, Celeng Stone, yoni of Rowo), tuffaceous sandstone (tomb of Kuwu Panjer), and sandy micrite (Ganesha statue of Kejawang) sourced from Halang Formation. Meanwhile, andesite rocks used to construct the Kalbut Stone and linga of Pejarakan were sourced from Gabon Formation.

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