Sistema de avaliação da gestão integrada de resíduos da construção civil na esfera municipal

Abstract

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is an important environmental issue to be considered in Municipal Urban Management. The large volume generated and its disposal have caused several environmental impacts to the urban environment, with obvious effects on population health. This requires public managers to adopt more effective solutions to manage these wastes such as the implementation of integrated strategic planning and evaluation of actions which are extremely necessary. The aim of this work is to propose an evaluation system for municipal construction waste management, according to the premises of the National Policy for Solid Waste; Resolution 307 issued by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) and other theme related resolutions. Exploratory research was carried out in three steps: i) literature review; ii) development of the system, considering three main pillars: scope of the service, environmental health protection and preservation of natural resources, based on the FPEEEA tool (methods for building environmental health indicators) and iii) assessment of CDW management in a Brazilian city using the proposed system to verify its applicability and identify its management strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the Evaluation System of Integrated CDW Management -called SAGI-CDW is presented to give support to management at a municipal level. This system proposes action towards integrated management and the respective indicators to monitorate, so that it becomes a tool to be inserted in CDW Municipal Management Continuous Improvement Processes. This system aims at inducing city managers to reflect on CDW management, and SAGI-CDW can assess the CDW management action strategies in terms of extension of sustainability at a municipal level. Moreover, it can be applied to different situations, because the parameters for evaluation are adapted to local conditions. When applied to a medium size city (approximately 500.000 inhabitants), it was found that the set of indicators that make up the SAGI-CDW is relevant as it covers the different dimensions of sustainability for integrated management established by the National Policy for Solid Waste, and also identifies weaknesses and strengths of this municipality"s CDW management.

An assessment tool for municipal construction waste management in Brazilian municipalities

“…In this stage, the indicators which could possibly evaluate and characterize the CWM were selected. For this, an investigation of the laws and fundamental studies on indicators for waste management was carried out, based on the studies of Fernandes and Silva Filho (2017), Gehrke (2012), Lima (2012), Milanez (2002), Parekh et al (2014), Polaz and Teixeira (2009), Rigamonti et al (2016), Rocha (2012), Santiago and Dias (2012), and Yuan (2013). and The selection of indicators followed criteria similar to those used by Silva et al (2019); selected indicators should present a calculation formula or evaluation method, fit the definition for CW and must not be redundant.…”

“…The ICWM was performed based on the results obtained for the global index, and the sectoral indices (index of each group). The results of the ICWM application were evaluated through an adapted scale from Capelini et al (2009) and Lima (2012). By this scale, management is classified as efficient (for a score greater than 0.8); average (between 0.5 and 0.8); and inefficient (ICWM less than 0.5).…”

“…In addition to considerable waste generation, a general lack of compliance with national legal guidelines has shown Brazilian CWM to be inefficient. Particularly poorly-structured, CWM in Brazil reacts in a corrective manner without planning or monitoring the allocation of resources (Abrelpe, 2016; Lima, 2012; Schamne and Nagalli, 2016).…”

“…Silva et al (2019) signal the need to create sustainability indicators to monitor performance waste management in Brazil. The need for waste management monitoring through sustainability indicators is even more remarkable when analysing CW (Gehrke, 2012; Lima, 2012; Rocha, 2012).…”

Pequenos geradores de resíduos da construção civil: prefeituras municipais e a disponibilização de informações

“…Segundo Morais (2006), os RCD podem ser gerados de três maneiras: construções novas, reformas e demolições. O avanço no crescimento de municípios médios e grandes, aumentando a demanda de construções e reformas, aumenta consideravelmente a quantidade de RCD gerados (Lima, 2012). Pequenos geradores de RCD são pessoas físicas ou jurídicas que geram a quantidade máxima de 2.500 L ou 2,5 m³ de RCD em até dois meses (Curitiba, 2004).…”