Site effects in Mexico City basin: Past and present

Overview of collapsed buildings in Mexico City after the 19 September 2017 (Mw7.1) earthquake

“…In addition, collapsed buildings follow a north-south path close to the border between the transition and lake-bed zones. Therefore, we believe that structural deficiencies—discussed in the following sections—observed in buildings having between 1 and 10 stories, coupled with potential double resonance effects (Mayoral et al, 2019) between the fundamental period of the buildings, the dominant period of the soil deposit, and the predominant period of the ground motion, are the main causes of the collapses.…”

“…#21 in Table 1) that was already repaired after the 1985 earthquake ( Figure 18). In addition to the structural vulnerabilities mentioned herein, evidence of soil foundation damage during the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake has been discussed by Alberto et al (2018) and Mayoral et al (2019).…”

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Historic Constructions in the Downtown of Mexico City

“…In Zone II (yellow), the characterization of the soil is sandy and silty with interlayers of clay; it is called the transition zone, with higher amplification waves effects than in Zone I. Finally, Zone III (green, dark green, orange, red), which comprises the former Texcoco lake [8], is linked to soft highly compressive soils (clays). For this assessment, the location of the building stock in La Merced is defined within the limits of Zone III indicated in Figure 1a, which is known as a zone with high seismic waves.…”

“…In Equation 7, it is assumed that 30% of the population, located in a building expected to collapse (i.e., with a probability of exceeding damage grade D 5 ), will perish or be severely injured. The probability of homelessness is determined by the Equations (8) and (9), which considers that 100% of people living in unusable buildings, and the remaining 70% of residents of collapsed buildings will not be able to reoccupy their dwellings after an earthquake [18]. Four seismic intensity scenarios, ranging between VII and X according to the EMS-98 scale [19], were analyzed, and the results were associated with the number of casualties and homeless.…”

The relationship between seismic quality factor and peak ground acceleration, a case study: M=4.3, 17.01.2015 Eskisehir Earthquake

“…of seismic waves, vibrating particles cannot assume their original equilibrium position. Anelastic behavior causes maximum earthquake damage (Luzi et al, 2019;Mayoral et al, 2019;Miyakoshi et al, 2019).…”