Site of infections associated with human papillomavirus

Beltrão, Monique; Wanderley, Marcela Silvestre Outtes; Santana, Nataly Amorim de; Bruneska, Danyelly; Filho, José Luiz de Lima

doi:10.1007/s00404-014-3480-5

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family, comprising over 170 identified types [1]. HPV may infect skin and mucosal membranes among different anatomic sites such as the anogenital region and oral cavity [2]. The global prevalence of HPV infection is approximately 12% with substantial regional variation [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of genital, anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science and SciELO from inception to December 2018. Original research articles that assessed the prevalence of genital (i.e., cervical, penile), anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil were selected in pairs by independent authors. No sex, age, HPV vaccination, language or date restrictions were applied. HPV prevalence was estimated and stratified according to risk factors population and by geographic area throughout the country. The study prevalence was pooled using a random effects model. Analysis was performed using R (version 3.5.2), packages meta version 4.9-4 and metaphor 2.0-0. This review is registered on PROSPERO under protocol number CRD42016032751. Results We identified 3,351 references. After the screening process, 139 of them were eligible for this systematic review (57,513 total participants). Prevalence of cervical HPV was 25.41% (95% CI 22.71-28.32). Additionally, prevalence was 36.21% (95% CI 23.40, 51.33) in the penile region, 25.68% (95%CI 14.64, 41.04) in the anal region, and 11.89% (95%CI 6.26, 21.43) in the oral region. Subgroup analysis showed prevalence in each anatomic site was higher in high-risk populations. Conclusion The prevalence of HPV is high in the Brazilian population and varies by population risk and anatomic body site, with lower rates in the oral cavity compared to that in the cervical, penile

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Immunohistochemistry, performed on sections of FFPE colorectal biopsies, is considered the gold standard for the detection of CMV in these tissues; quantitative PCR (qPCR) performed on biopsy samples is considered of equal value. 5,13 Some authors, 14 however, caution against using PCR for the detection of viruses in human tissues because of its increased sensitivity. Other investigators 15,16 have raised the possibility of false-positive viral PCR testing in tissue samples due to the ''detection of passenger lymphocytes'' in biopsies from inflamed tissue, and recommend that viral PCR assay in tissue samples be done in conjunction with peripheral blood testing to guard against this potential error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of So-Called Equivocal Immunohistochemical Staining for Cytomegalovirus in Colorectal Biopsies

Ambelil

Saulino

Ertan

et al. 2019

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.— Recent studies examining immunohistochemical staining of colorectal biopsies for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reported that some cases showed only occasional small positive nuclei that were called equivocal for CMV. Objectives.— To determine the extent and clinical significance of equivocal CMV staining in colorectal biopsies. Design.— Two-hundred twenty-one consecutive cases of colon and rectal biopsies that were stained for CMV by immunohistochemistry were retrieved from our files and reviewed. Staining results were recorded as negative, unequivocal, or equivocal. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic data, results of polymerase chain reaction studies for CMV, and treatment history. Results.— Fifty-two cases (24% of all tested, 63% of positive cases) showed equivocal staining for CMV, and of these, 41 had follow-up information. Polymerase chain reaction for CMV was performed largely on blood samples and was not found to be sensitive for the detections of CMV proctocolitis. Of 25 patients who received antiviral treatment, 21 (84%) had complete resolution of symptoms, compared with 8 of 16 (50%) who did not receive antivirals (P = .02). There was no statistically significant difference in response to antiviral drugs in patients with equivocal and unequivocal CMV staining (P = .17). Conclusions.— Equivocal CMV staining likely represents true CMV proctocolitis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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“…It is estimated that 30%-40% of all new HIV-1 infections in women occur following heterosexual intercourse via mucosal surfaces in the FGT (25), while an estimated sixty percent of HPV infections in women occur in the uterus (26). On entry into the FGT microorganisms such as HIV-1 and HPV interact with epithelial cells, and the initial innate immune responses are usually adequate to avert the infection at this stage.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hpv and Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the epithelium in human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections in the female genital tract

Sibeko,

Sanderson,

Moyo

et al. 2024

Front. Reprod. Health

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BackgroundTwo-thirds of people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection reside in Sub-Saharan Africa, where there are the highest prevalence and incidence rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Both infections are sexually transmitted and enter the body via the epithelium. This review describes the extent of involvement of the epithelium in each infection in the female genital tract.MethodsA narrative review was conducted on the role of the epithelium in HPV and HIV-1 infections.ResultsAn intact epithelial barrier is the predominant form of protection against viral entry and infection, including from HIV-1 and HPV. HPV is an intraepithelial pathogen, and thus, its growth and amplification, which are dependent on squamous cell differentiation, occur in the epithelium. It gains entry to the basal cells of the stratified squamous epithelium via micro-abrasions or other epithelial injuries that expose the basement membrane. HIV-1, conversely, passes through the epithelium to infect subepithelial tissues. Following deposition of the HIV-1-containing inoculum into the lumen, the virus enters the mucosa through breaks in the epithelial barrier within hours of infection. Further, HIV-1 penetrates the epithelium via various mechanisms, including paracellular passage or across epithelial cells through transcytosis. The capture of the virus from the mucosal surface by intraepithelial and/or subepithelial target cells has also been documented.ConclusionsEpithelial disruption is the major pathogenetic pathway in HIV-1 and HPV infections. Therefore, biochemical compounds that strengthen the epithelial barrier must be prioritized to prevent these infections.

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Site of infections associated with human papillomavirus

Abstract: This observation raises further questions about the possibility of the virus not causing disease in specific sites of the human body, but rather, behaving like a commensal/opportunistic microorganism.

Cited by 7 publications

References 123 publications

Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Significance of So-Called Equivocal Immunohistochemical Staining for Cytomegalovirus in Colorectal Biopsies

Role of the epithelium in human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections in the female genital tract

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