Site‐Specific Development of Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia in Subgingival Plaque

Abstract

The symbiotic effects of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia, which coaggregate and exist concomitantly in subgingival biofilms, may be associated with the local development of periodontitis.

An Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism at Position 3954 and Red Complex Periodontopathogens Independently and Additively Modulate the Levels of IL-1β in Diseased Periodontal Tissues

“…Interestingly, the analysis of red complex periodontopathogens individually and as a group resulted in similar results, probably due to their simultaneous occurrence in most of the patients. Indeed, the red complex periodontopathogens were shown to exist as a consortium (29,32,49) and to exhibit synergistic virulence in a rat model of polymicrobial periodontal infection (24). In accordance, our results demonstrate an increase in IL-1␤ levels associated with the simultaneous occurrence of two or three red complex species, suggesting an increasing pathogenic proinflammatory role for these bacteria.…”

Treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like proteinase (CTLP) integrates spirochaetes within oral microbial communities

“…denticola is thought to be an important periodontal pathogen, based upon observations that it is frequently detected in active periodontal lesions (Mineoka et al, 2008), and has been defined as a component of the socalled red complex that includes P. gingivalis and T. forsythia. In PCR-based methods of bacterial detection, T. denticola and other Treponema phylotypes are almost always isolated from infected root canals (Montagner et al, 2010) and periodontal pockets (Byrne et al, 2009), and within a single pocket there may be multiple phylotypes (Choi et al, 1994;Dewhirst et al, 2000).…”

The Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Patients with Alcoholic Disease: A Pilot Study

“…These bacteria are usually found together in periodontal pockets and it is suggested that they may cause destruction of the periodontal tissue in a cooperative manner [5][6][7]. On the other hand, different immunological aspects are suspected to play roles in the development and progression of periodontal diseases [8].…”