Site-specific field resistance of grapevine to Plasmopara viticola correlates to altered gene expression and was not be modulated by the application of organic amendments

Thuerig, Barbara; Slaughter, Ana R.; Marouf, Elaheh; Held, Matthias; Mauch‐Mani, Brigitte; Tamm, Lucius

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1281-2_9

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A total of six plants per treatment were sampled (three before inoculation and three after inoculation) in order to avoid the effects of wounding stress. Each sample comprised two half leaves taken from the same plant; only leaves of the third and fourth node from the top of the shoot were collected in order to select responsive leaves (Steimetz et al ., ) and to avoid effects of ontogenic resistance (Perazzolli et al ., ; Thuerig et al ., ). Samples were immediately frozen in liquid N 2 and stored at −80°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, this method is currently far from being used widely because resistance inducers rarely provide complete disease control and their effects are often inconsistent in field conditions (Harm et al ., ; Walters et al ., , ). Because induced resistance is a host response, it is likely to be affected by the environment in field conditions (Thuerig et al ., ; Walters et al ., ) and by plant genotype (Reuveni et al ., ; Sharma et al ., ; Tucci et al ., ; Walters et al ., ). Greater understanding of these complex interactions is therefore required in order to maximize the efficacy of resistance inducers in the field (Walters et al ., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several molecules have been shown to increase resistance to downy mildew in susceptible grapevines, such as chitosan (Aziz et al ., ), laminarin (Aziz et al ., ), sulphated laminarin (Trouvelot et al ., ; Steimetz et al ., ), oligogalacturonide (Allègre et al ., ), β ‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) (Hamiduzzaman et al ., ), fosetyl‐aluminium (Dercks & Creasy, ), thiamine (Boubakri et al ., ) and benzothiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid S ‐methyl ester (BTH) (Perazzolli et al ., ), as well as combinations of different resistance inducers (Reuveni et al ., ; Pinto et al ., ). Application of plant extracts or microbial agents can also induce resistance to downy mildew in grapevine, for example Rheum palmatum (Godard et al ., ) and Solidago canadensis (Harm et al ., ) plant extracts, organic amendments (Thuerig et al ., ), the beneficial microorganisms Aureobasidium pullulans (Harm et al ., ) and Trichoderma harzianum T39 (T39) (Perazzolli et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of resistance mechanisms activated by Trichoderma harzianum T39 and benzothiadiazole to downy mildew in different grapevine cultivars

et al. 2013

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Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most destructive diseases of grapevine and is controlled with intense application of chemical fungicides. Treatment with Trichoderma harzianum T39 (T39) or benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) has been previously shown to activate grapevine resistance to downy mildew and reduce disease symptoms in the Pinot noir cultivar. However, enhancement of plant resistance can be affected by several factors, including plant genotype. In order to further extend the use of resistance inducers against downy mildew, the physiological and molecular properties of T39-and BTH-activated resistance in different cultivars of table and wine grapes were characterized under greenhouse conditions. T39 treatment reduced downy mildew symptoms, but the degree of efficacy differed significantly among grapevine cultivars. However, efficacy of BTH-activated resistance was consistently high in the different cultivars. Expression profiles of defence-related genes differed among cultivars in response to resistance inducers and to pathogen inoculation. T39 treatment enhanced the expression of defence-related genes in the responsive cultivars, before and after P. viticola inoculation. A positive correlation between the efficacy of T39 and the expression level of defence-related genes was found in Primitivo and Pinot noir plants, while different genes or more complex processes were probably activated in Sugraone and Negroamaro. The data reported here suggest that the use of a responsive cultivar is particularly important to maximize the efficacy of resistance inducers and new natural inducers should be explored for the less responsive cultivars.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of resistance mechanisms activated by Trichoderma harzianum T39 and benzothiadiazole to downy mildew in different grapevine cultivars

et al. 2013

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“…and de Toni, and require frequent fungicide applications to avoid yield and quality losses (Gessler et al, 2011 ). Several elicitors are known to activate defense responses against grapevine downy mildew, including Solidago canadensis extracts (Harm et al, 2011 ), organic amendments (Thuerig et al, 2011 ), and fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum T39 (Perazzolli et al, 2008 ), or Aureobasidium pullulans (Harm et al, 2011 ). Likewise, the application of fosetyl-aluminum (Dercks and Creasy, 1989 ), ß-aminobutyric acid (Hamiduzzaman et al, 2005 ), and benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (Perazzolli et al, 2008 ) has been shown to induce grapevine resistance mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Treatments with a Protein-Based Resistance Inducer Partially Modify Phyllosphere Microbial Communities of Grapevine

et al. 2016

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Protein derivatives and carbohydrates can stimulate plant growth, increase stress tolerance, and activate plant defense mechanisms. However, these molecules can also act as a nutritional substrate for microbial communities living on the plant phyllosphere and possibly affect their biocontrol activity against pathogens. We investigated the mechanisms of action of a protein derivative (nutrient broth, NB) against grapevine downy mildew, specifically focusing on the effects of foliar treatments on plant defense stimulation and on the composition and biocontrol features of the phyllosphere microbial populations. NB reduced downy mildew symptoms and induced the expression of defense-related genes in greenhouse- and in vitro-grown plants, indicating the activation of grapevine resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, NB increased the number of culturable phyllosphere bacteria and altered the composition of bacterial and fungal populations on leaves of greenhouse-grown plants. Although, NB-induced changes on microbial populations were affected by the structure of indigenous communities originally residing on grapevine leaves, degrees of disease reduction and defense gene modulation were consistent among the experiments. Thus, modifications in the structure of phyllosphere populations caused by NB application could partially contribute to downy mildew control by competition for space or other biocontrol strategies. Particularly, changes in the abundance of phyllosphere microorganisms may provide a contribution to resistance induction, partially affecting the hormone-mediated signaling pathways involved. Modifying phyllosphere populations by increasing natural biocontrol agents with the application of selected nutritional factors can open new opportunities in terms of sustainable plant protection strategies.

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Site-specific field resistance of grapevine to Plasmopara viticola correlates to altered gene expression and was not be modulated by the application of organic amendments

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization of resistance mechanisms activated by Trichoderma harzianum T39 and benzothiadiazole to downy mildew in different grapevine cultivars

Characterization of resistance mechanisms activated by Trichoderma harzianum T39 and benzothiadiazole to downy mildew in different grapevine cultivars

Leaf Treatments with a Protein-Based Resistance Inducer Partially Modify Phyllosphere Microbial Communities of Grapevine

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