Site-specificity of mineral ions in 2-day dental plaque obtained from children and young adults

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the variation in mineral ions (Ca and P) concentrations in 2-day dental plaque taken from different areas of the deciduous and the permanent dentition that may be related to the caries status of tooth surfaces obtained from children and young adults. We also compared those minerals between the deciduous and the permanent dentition. Plaque samples were collected from eight dentition sites, including the upper-anterior-buccal (UAB) and-lingual (UAL), lower-anterior-buccal (LAB) and-lingual (LAL), upper-posterior-buccal (UPB) and-lingual (UPL), lower-posterior-buccal (LPB) and-lingual (LPL) regions. Significant differences among these eight different sites were determined from Ca and P ions concentrations, as well as the Ca/P ratio, calculated by ANOVA. Plaque associated with the LAL region closest to the main salivary ducts and that is less prone to caries, had significantly higher levels of Ca, P ions concentrations, a higher Ca/P ratio than any other dentition areas in both children and young adult subjects. Statistical differences were seen in minerals between children and young adults. Ca ion concentrations in dental plaque from young adults were significantly higher than those of children at the LAL site. Statistical analysis of the relationships between Ca and P ions showed that there were strong associations between Ca and P ions, especially in the UPB, LAL and LPL regions where there is a high exposure to saliva. We conclude that there is a site-specificity of plaque mineral content in both children and young adults, which may reflect the differences in exposure to saliva, resulting in differences in the local cariostatic challenge. tooth surface such as saliva or dental plaque fluid. Importantly, the DS of plaque fluid is directly related to not only pH but also Ca and P ions concentrations which are common ion constituents of enamel hydroxyapatite 1). The release of these ions into the plaque-fluid phase, following bacterial acid production, can reduce the driving force for demineralization by increasing DS of plaque fluid with respect to enamel mineral. Increasing the concentrations of mineral ions in dental plaque should therefore reduce its own caries-forming potential. Our previous study showed that 4-day plaque samples from young adults, associated with the lower anterior lingual site, which

Fundamental Characteristics of a Glucose Transistor with a Chemically Functional Interface

“…Some properties required for future glucose sensors include ease of use with portability, a low cost, and no requirement for blood sampling. Therefore, more highly sensitive and precise devices should be developed in a portable format, because the glucose levels in biological fluids such as tears, [6–11] saliva, and sweat are about one‐tenth to one‐hundredth of those in blood.…”