Sixteenth Century Periodic Markets in Various Anatolian Sanc.Aks

Decentralized coercion and self-restraint in provincial taxation: The Ottoman Empire, 15th–16th centuries

“…Peasants were restricted to take their produce to the closest market, not more than a day from their fields. Regional markets were subject to government permission and closely monitored (Faroqhi, 1979). Flow of goods out of a sub-district was allowed only after its own needs were satisfied, and any surplus production was directed towards the needs of the capital and palace through intermediate centers (İslamoglu-İnan and Keyder, 1987).…”

“…Cultivation of cash crops, such as rice, were not undertaken by peasants. Instead, they took place in farms setup and managed by the central administration (Faroqhi, 1979). Exports of Ottoman agricultural produce were allowed only after the needs of the capital were satisfied, and when they were allowed, they had to originate from the fiefs of the Sultan and higher central bureaucrats (Veinstein, 1991).…”

Islamic Area Studies with Geographical Information Systems

“…Markets were mainly places where economic processes such as the distribution of goods, tax collection, and price controls were conducted as part of the administration of the central state. According to Faroqhi (1979), market formations around the market hall called "Bedesten" built by the governing class were already indicative of the penetration of the central administration.…”