Size Analysis of Barley Starch Granules by Sedimentation/Steric Field Flow Fractionation

Comparative study of the kinetic approach on the alcoholic fermentation procedure conducted in laboratory and scale-up systems by inverse gas chromatography

“…The mixture was left to ferment, until the density of the fermented medium was 0-0.5⁰Bé. After immobilization, biocatalyst was used for successive batch fermentations, using 50 L of grape must (initial density 12⁰Bé), at various temperature values (20,15,12,10,5, and 2°C). After the end of each fermentation, the liquid was collected for analysis, and the immobilization carrier was washed twice with grape must, in order to remove free cells that could not bind to the carrier and was then used for the next batch fermentation.…”

“…Batch fermentations generally show a growth pattern consisting of four phases -lag, growth, stationary, and decline [11,12]. Typically, the lag phase is short or undetectable, the exponential growth phase is relatively short, and the stationary phase may be short and commence long before nutrients become limiting, whereas the decline phase is atypically long and the viable cell population can remain high for several months [10].…”

Study of the influence of surfactants on the size distribution and mass ratio of wheat starch granules by sedimentation/steric field-flow fractionation

“…Many methods of particle size distribution analysis of starch are available and it is important to realize that different methods may give different results, depending on the complexity of the mixture of particles, such as their shape, porosity and size distribution (Cardot, Battu, Simon, & Delage, 2002;Chmelik et al, 2001;Contado & Dondi, 2001;Evers, Greenwood, Muir, & Venables, 1974;Farmakis, Sakellaraki, Koliadima, Gavril, & Karaiskakis, 2000;Moon & Giddings, 1993;Morelon et al, 2005). The most often used methods for size determination of starch granules are Coulter counter (Morrison & Scott, 1986), light scattering (Farmakis et al, 2000) and microscopy techniques, followed by image analysis and statistical evaluation (Farmakis, Karaiskakis, & Koliadima, 2002a;Farmakis, Koliadima, & Karaiskakis, 2002b;Sebecic & Sebecic, 1995;Zayas, Bechtel, Wilson, & Dempster, 1994).…”

“…The most often used methods for size determination of starch granules are Coulter counter (Morrison & Scott, 1986), light scattering (Farmakis et al, 2000) and microscopy techniques, followed by image analysis and statistical evaluation (Farmakis, Karaiskakis, & Koliadima, 2002a;Farmakis, Koliadima, & Karaiskakis, 2002b;Sebecic & Sebecic, 1995;Zayas, Bechtel, Wilson, & Dempster, 1994). However, none of these techniques is a separation method.…”

Rice starch granule characterization by flow cytometry scattering techniques hyphenated with sedimentation field–flow fractionation

“…There are therefore important requirements for complete rice starch population (RSP) descriptions and FFF hyphenated with FC (mainly in the FS and SS mode) corresponds to these needs. Numerous FFF studies using different techniques have been reported with starch materials [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Considerable information can be provided if associated with systematic and multivariate granulometric analyses.…”