Size and shape constancy in consumer virtual reality

Hornsey, Rebecca L.; Hibbard, Paul B.; Scarfe, Peter

doi:10.3758/s13428-019-01336-9

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Another factor whose effect was tested in distance perception in VEs is whether participants put on glasses. For instance, Hornsey et al (2020) have applied a comparative approach to test the perception accuracy in terms of size and shape consistency with two different VR headsets. The reason to choose two glasses was to test consistency between the two headsets.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Perception In Virtual Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating distance perception for architecture design alternatives in immersive virtual environment: a comparative study

Abouelkhier¹,

Shawky²,

Marzouk³

2021

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Purpose Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) aid in perceiving spaces by providing a platform for all stakeholders to make better decisions at early design stages. Nevertheless, they are not widely used in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. This paper aims to illustrate the impact of level of details (LODs) in participants’ perception for architecture design alternatives in IVEs. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an approach to estimate how distance perception varies between real and virtual environments when different design alternatives are implemented. First, a fully three-dimensional (3D) model for a replica meeting room was created and the level of details (LODs) inside the IVE was gradually modified. Second, a questionnaire was designed to collect responses about how the perceived experience of an IVE is compared to that of the physical environment, where the two environments have the same dimensions. Twenty-six participants were recruited in this study to estimate eight distances in the IVEs while putting on a head-mounted display. Findings Obtained results show that decreasing LOD has negative effect on users’ perception. Thus, when all of the available LODs were added to the IVE, the perceived perception was significantly enhanced. These findings emphasize the relation between the physical details and distance perception in IVEs and shed light on how to design virtual reality architectural models in an efficient manner. Originality/value Different experiments were conducted to analyze perception differences associated with factors such as LODs, gender and whether participants are wearing glasses.

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Section: Factors Affecting Perception In Virtual Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating distance perception for architecture design alternatives in immersive virtual environment: a comparative study

Abouelkhier¹,

Shawky²,

Marzouk³

2021

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“…Presenting a virtual space that can be accurately perceived by human eyes is important for VR applications to be more immersive and useful. In contrast to the somewhat contradictory results about depth and size perception in the real world, research on egocentric depth perception in VR has, in general, found a tendency of depth underestimation [61] and size underconstancy [29,37]. In a study replicating the real-world experiment of Lappin et al [42] in a virtual setting [3], participants placed the perceived mid-points closer than the true mid-points, in contrast to the antiforeshortening effect observed by Lappin et al in the real-world setting.…”

Section: Perception Studies In Immersive Vrmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In real-world usage, users utilize diverse VR setups, and are typically untrained in proper IPD adjustment-adjusting IPD and HMD position for comfort, rather than physical accuracy. Recently, Hornsey et al [29] reported encouraging results on a size and shape constancy task where a) two different devices, Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, were utilized and b) IPD was not adjusted or controlled for. However, the results were still conducted in a laboratory setting, requiring significant investment of experimenter and participant time and effort.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking Outside the Lab: VR Size & Depth Perception in the Wild

Arora¹,

Li²,

Shi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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of VR, visual perception has received considerable attention in psychology and cognitive science research [1,2,12]. Of particular interest is the perception of the geometric attributes of visual space, namely distance and size. Realworld size and distance perception experiments have a rich century-old history in cognitive science [9,30,77], and similar experiments in VR serve a dual purpose. Not only do such studies advance our understanding of visual perception in VR, but a virtual world closely simulating reality provides a unique opportunity to construct environments that are difficult or impossible in the real world. Such fantastical constructs can be used to manipulate perceptual cues at will and gain insights into the human visual system [5]. VR size and distance perception studies can thus improve our understanding of real-world perception as well. At the same time, due to the shortcomings of current VR devices, such as the well-known vergence-accommodation conflict [27], it is essential to conduct perceptual studies in VR to inform the design of VR applications where perceptual accuracy is crucial.Most geometric perception studies, whether real-world or in VR, utilize strictly controlled laboratory conditions (e.g. [11,20,21,54]). While maintaining strict control over the experiment is invaluable for gaining theoretical insights into the human visual system as noted above, the practical utility of the results to real-world applications is limited. For example, a typical perceptual experiment in VR would utilize the same hardware for all users, ensure strict calibration of the interpupillary distance (IPD), and control the position of the head-mounted display (HMD) on the user's head. In real-world usage, users utilize diverse VR setups, and are typically untrained in proper IPD adjustment-adjusting IPD and HMD position for comfort, rather than physical accuracy. Recently, Hornsey et al. [29] reported encouraging results on a size and shape constancy task where a) two different devices, Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, were utilized and b) IPD was not adjusted or controlled for. However, the results were still conducted in a laboratory setting, requiring significant investment of experimenter and participant time and effort. Inspired by their results, we present the first remote study on geometric perception in VR (Fig. 1a). Our size and distance perception experiment aims at achieving results that are ecologically valid, that is, we want to model real-world HMD usage to inform the development of VR applications. In addition to removing strict controls on the experiment conditions, a remote study enables us to access a large and diverse pool of participants (Fig. 1b). In this work, we report on a medium-scale study with N=60. Studies such as ours are especially relevant today owing to the COVID-19 physical distancing requirements which make remote studies an attractive option for experimental research involving human subjects. Study Summary. In our experiment, we study the perception of size and egocentric distan...

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“…Many studies indicate that distance estimation biases depend on the distance from the body in VEs: overestimation occurs in the near space and underestimation in the far space (Loomis et al, 2003;Renner et al, 2013). For example, a recent study found an underestimation bias starting at a distance of 30-40 cm from the body in a multisensory matching task (Hornsey et al, 2020). Usually, however, the distinction between "near space" and "far space" is based on the definition of a "reachable" versus an "out of reach" distance (Berti and Frassinetti, 2000;Gamberini et al, 2008;Linkenauger et al, 2015), and, therefore, it is surprising that the virtual hands and objects presented in the current experiments were not influenced by the distance factor; since an object 50 cm away from the viewer is still reachable, both locations in the current experiment (20 and 50 cm) were within the participants' "near space."…”

Section: Underestimation Of the Virtual Handmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the concern remains that there is a subjective underestimation of object size in virtual worlds (Thompson et al, 2004). Although recent consumer VR devices have been shown to provide great accuracy even for experimental purposes (Hornsey et al, 2020), it has not yet been confirmed how the perception of the size of one's own body parts differs between physical environments (PEs) and immersive VEs created by a current-generation consumer device (cf., Bhargava et al, 2021). To interact with virtual objects from a natural firstperson perspective, virtual hands are especially important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Perception Bias and Reach-to-Grasp Kinematics: An Exploratory Study on the Virtual Hand With a Consumer Immersive Virtual-Reality Device

Itaguchi

2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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While studies have increasingly used virtual hands and objects in virtual environments to investigate various processes of psychological phenomena, conflicting findings have been reported even at the most basic level of perception and action. To reconcile this situation, the present study aimed 1) to assess biases in size perception of a virtual hand using a strict psychophysical method and 2) to provide firm and conclusive evidence of the kinematic characteristics of reach-to-grasp movements with various virtual effectors (whole hand or fingertips only, with or without tactile feedback of a target object). Experiments were conducted using a consumer immersive virtual reality device. In a size judgment task, participants judged whether a presented virtual hand or an everyday object was larger than the remembered size. The results showed the same amplitude of underestimation (approximately 5%) for the virtual hand and the object, and no influence of object location, visuo-proprioceptive congruency, or short-term experience of controlling the virtual hand. Furthermore, there was a moderate positive correlation between actual hand size and perception bias. Analyses of reach-to-grasp movements revealed longer movement times and larger maximum grip aperture (MGA) for a virtual, as opposed to a physical, environment, but the MGA did not change when grasping was performed without tactile feedback. The MGA appeared earlier in the time course of grasping movements in all virtual reality conditions, regardless of the type of virtual effector. These findings confirm and corroborate previous evidence and may contribute to the field of virtual hand interfaces for interactions with virtual worlds.

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Size and shape constancy in consumer virtual reality

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Evaluating distance perception for architecture design alternatives in immersive virtual environment: a comparative study

Evaluating distance perception for architecture design alternatives in immersive virtual environment: a comparative study

Thinking Outside the Lab: VR Size & Depth Perception in the Wild

Size Perception Bias and Reach-to-Grasp Kinematics: An Exploratory Study on the Virtual Hand With a Consumer Immersive Virtual-Reality Device

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