Size-dependent atmospheric deposition and inhalation exposure of particle-bound organophosphate flame retardants

Luo, Pei; Bao, Lian-Jun; Guo, Ying; Li, Shao-Meng; Zeng, Eddy Y.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.014

Cited by 86 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Besides Mn and As, 60% and 30% of the HQ values of Ni and Cd for children were also higher than 1. By comparison, the HQ values of total metals for adults were much greater than those of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants (5.6 × 10 −4 and 3.0 × 10 −4 ) [12,13], i.e., heavy metals pose stronger chronic non-cancer health hazards than these organic contaminants. In addition, the total ILCR of Cr, Co, Ni, As, and Cd for adults (1.3 × 10 −3 ; 95% CI: 4.1 × 10 −4 -3.0 × 10 −3 ) and children (3.9 × 10 −3 ; 95% CI: 1.3 × 10 −3 -8.6 × 10 −3 ) were substantially higher than the acceptable cancer risk threshold of 10 −6 set forth by the United States Environmental Protection Agency [22] (Fig.…”

Section: Potential Health Risk Through Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Our previous study demonstrated that the inhalation intake rate of particle-bound polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the e-waste recycling zone was similar to those through food consumption in the urban regions [12]. Although the health risk for residents was low from inhalation exposure to particle-bound brominated and organophosphate flame retardants [12,13], the amounts of heavy metals released from e-waste recycling activities were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than those of organic pollutants [1], thereby human health effects induced from heavy metals must be further evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals

Huang

Bao

Luo

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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161

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Section: Potential Health Risk Through Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals

Huang

Bao

Luo

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Self Cite

161

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“…In China, at the Guiyu informal e‐waste site where burning e‐waste is also performed, PM 2.5 concentrations from area sampling ranged from 50 to 62 µg m −3 , exceeding concentrations in reference populations and China's national recommendations (24‐hr mean PM 2.5 target: ≤ 35 µg m −3 ) 19‐21 . PM samples from the Guiyu e‐waste site included high concentrations of heavy metals (including Pb and Cd), PAHs, and flame retardants 9,19,22‐25 . Surrounding illegal e‐waste sites in India, the mean PM 10 concentration averaged over 3 months was 233 ± 19 µg m −3 ; the PM constituents included high concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr, which were mostly attributed to the burning of printed circuit boards 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and challenges in reducing personal inhalation exposure to air pollution among electronic waste recovery workers in Ghana

Laskaris

Batterman

Arko‐Mensah

et al. 2021

American J Industrial Med

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Background Informal sector electronic waste (e‐waste) recovery produces toxic emissions resulting from burning e‐waste to recover valuable metals. Objectives To identify high‐risk worker groups by measuring relative levels of personal inhalation exposure to particulate matter (PM) of fine (≤2.5 µm) and coarse (2.5–10 µm) fractions (PM2.5 and PM2.5–10, respectively) across work activities among e‐waste workers, and to assess how wind conditions modify levels of PM by activity and site location. Methods At the Agbogbloshie e‐waste site, 170 partial‐shift PM samples and time‐activity data were collected from participants (N = 105) enrolled in the GeoHealth cohort study. Personal sampling included continuous measures of size‐specific PM from the worker's breathing zone and time–activity derived from wearable cameras. Linear mixed models were used to estimate changes in personal PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 associated with activities and evaluate effect modification by wind conditions. Results Mean (±standard deviation) personal PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 concentrations were 80 (± 81) and 123 (± 139) µg m−3, respectively. The adjusted mean PM2.5 concentration for burning e‐waste was 88 µg m−3, a 28% increase above concentrations during non‐recovery activities (such as eating). Transportation‐related and burning activities were associated with the highest PM2.5–10 concentrations. Frequent changes in wind direction were associated with higher PM2.5 concentrations when burning, and high wind speeds with higher PM2.5–10 concentrations when dismantling e‐waste downwind of the burning zone.

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“…Deposition fluxes for many POPs, such as PAHs, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and PCBs, have been measured and reported (Atlas and Giam 1988;Bidleman 1988;Škrdlíková et al 2011;Zhang et al 2012;Mi 2012;Jiménez et al 2015;Nežiková et al 2019). Previous studies reported that deposition of lipophilic organics in air is dominated by dry particle deposition (Mi 2012;Luo et al 2014;Luo et al 2016). XPAHs have been detected in both the gaseous and particulate phases (Jin et al 2017a and2017c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric deposition of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Europe analyzed by GC-MS/MS

Jin

Bandowe

Zheng

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs and BrPAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitous in the atmospheric environment. The sources, fate, and sinks in the atmosphere of these substances are largely unknown. One of the reasons is the lack of widely accessible analytical instrumentation. In this study, a new analytical method for ClPAHs and BrPAHs using gas-chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry is presented. The method was applied to determine ClPAHs and BrPAHs in total deposition samples collected at two sites in central Europe. Deposition fluxes of ClPAHs and BrPAHs ranged 580 (272–962) and 494 (161–936) pg m−2 day−1, respectively, at a regional background site, Košetice, and 547 (351–724) and 449 (202–758) pg m−2 day−1, respectively, at a semi-urban site, Praha-Libuš. These fluxes are similar to those of PCBs and more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the parent PAHs in the region. Seasonal variations of the deposition fluxes of these halogenated PAHs were found with maxima in summer and autumn, and minima in winter at Košetice, but vice versa at Praha-Libuš. The distribution of ClPAHs and BrPAHs between the particulate and dissolved phases in deposition samples suggests higher degradability of particulate BrFlt/Pyr and BrBaA than of the corresponding ClPAHs. A number of congeners were detected for the first time in the atmospheric environment.

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Size-dependent atmospheric deposition and inhalation exposure of particle-bound organophosphate flame retardants

Cited by 86 publications

References 38 publications

Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals

Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals

Opportunities and challenges in reducing personal inhalation exposure to air pollution among electronic waste recovery workers in Ghana

Atmospheric deposition of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Europe analyzed by GC-MS/MS

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