“…106 and so on. Various kinds of tin oxide nano-structures such as nano-fibers 107 , nano-wires 108,109 , nano-belts 110 , nano-tubes 111 , nano-rods 112,113 , spirals, nano-rings 114 , zigzag nano-belts 115 , grains 116 , flakes 116 , plates 116 , meshes 117 and columnar thin films 118 were reported. Surface coating of substrates with tin oxide nano-structures are strongly required for the future devices.…”